母国特定优势下中国ODI区位选择研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 06:04

本文选题：ODI区位选择　切入点：母国特定优势　出处：《浙江大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：自1978年始,中国ODI经历了二十余年的蛰伏,直到2002年以后才以爆发式增长引起世界注意,也就在过去短短十余年时间,IB领域涌现出大量中国ODI研究文献,围绕中国ODI投资特殊性展开激烈讨论,横亘在这一轮讨论背后的深层次思考为,中国ODI特殊表象是否需要突破既有FDI理论,抑或只需对既有理论进行中国维度的拓展?即经典的"Chinese theory of business V.S. Theory of Chinese business"争论(Alon and Child,2011)。虽然就此问题的结论,学者莫衷一是,但既有研究都一致聚焦到母国视角,纷纷将中国ODI分析镶嵌在中国国内宏观经济发展背景之下,并几近达成共识：目前中国经济转型是中国ODI特殊性的主要成因。延续这一研究思路,并弥补既有国际商务理论对中国ODI区位选择行为研究缺乏系统框架的缺陷,本文采用制度兼容与技术适宜优势理论搭建母国宏观因素作用微观企业投资区位选择行为的桥梁机制。本文将新兴FDI理论和传统FDI理论关于企业所有权优势与企业投资动机的讨论置于一个框架中进行分析,借用新新贸易理论的企业异质性思想,修正HMCFMECM模型从而构建企业ODI区位选择一般化模型；在此基础上,从制度兼容和技术适宜两个方面抽取出企业所有权优势中的母国来源,并将此概括为“母国特定优势”,继而母国特定优势包括制度嵌入优势和技术适宜优势。至此,本文得到“ODI企业区位选择模型--母国宏观因素基于模型的切入点--母国特定优势影响企业ODI区位选择”这一完整的逻辑链条,这也是本文研究的核心内容：母国特定优势下企业ODI区位选择机制。此外,本文利用母国特定优势下企业ODI区位选择机制框架,揭示中国ODI在母国转型背景下,如何充当政府促进边际产业转移与区位限定(location bound)资源获取工具,从而受政府作用调整,表现出区位选择偏好。本文主要得到以下三方面结论：第一,母国特定优势促进传统型ODI投资流向制度和技术环境与母国相近的东道国。第二,母国特定优势促进战略型ODI投资流向制度和技术环境与母国差距适度的东道国。第三,在经济转型宏观背景下,政府强化中国ODI母国特定优势,令2003-2010年中国ODI稳定集中在三类、共计50个国家,分别为：自然资源丰裕但风险较高国家、廉价劳动力丰裕发展中国家、战略资产丰裕但与中国有过密切FDI往来的发达国家。本文回应了关于中国ODI区位是否具有特殊性的争论,认为,中国ODI企业投资并未脱离利润最大化的理性经济人假设,且当前中国ODI行为也未脱离企业所有权优势基础,而企业所有权优势恰恰是IB领域分析企业ODI的出发点。故本文针对中国ODI区位选择特殊性争论的观点呼之欲出：中国ODI区位选择在理论层面上并未脱离既有IB领域的一般分析框架,其之所以表现出不用于先行国家企业ODI的“一般性规律”,关键原因在于当前中国ODI企业开展海外投资凭借的企业所有权优势,非发达国家ODI企业普遍具备的技术优势,而是较大比重来自母国特定优势。中国经济转型的特殊经济现实导致母国特定优势具备一定特殊性,这就是为何目前中国ODI表现出稳定的三类区位选择偏好。本文创新点主要体现为两个层面：从理论层面看,区别传统型与战略型ODI投资差异的同时,更将两类企业ODI投资行为统一到同一区位选择模型之中,为其后研究企业区位选择提供系统的模型框架。弥补既有IB领域缺乏系统区位选择模型的缺陷(鲁明泓,1999)。此外,本文创新性提出“母国特定优势”思想,母国作用影响企业ODI投资行为研究构建系统的分析框架,并夯实既有FDI理论关于企业所有权优势研究。从实证层面看,发现了一条特殊的中国ODI区位选择经验规律,那就是在2003-2010年中国ODI集中在三类制度环境和资源禀赋迥异的东道国。此外,还解释了中国国内经济转型如何造成ODI区位选择偏好特征,关键在于母国特定优势逻辑下的政府作用。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of 1978, China ODI went dormant for more than twenty years, until 2002 to explosive growth caused the attention of the world, also in the past ten years, the field of IB ODI China emerged a large number of research literature, a heated discussion around the particularity of China ODI investment, lie in this round of discussion of deep thinking behind for, whether Chinese ODI special representation needs to break through the existing FDI theory, or simply to both expand China dimension theory? That is the classic "Chinese theory of business V.S. Theory of Chinese business (Alon and Child," about 2011). Although this conclusion, but the existing research scholars unable to agree on which is right. Agree to focus on home country perspective, will have Chinese ODI analysis Chinese embedded in the domestic background of macro economic development, and reached a consensus: the current economic transformation is almost Chinese special Chinese ODI The main cause.
The continuation of this research ideas, and make up the existing international business theory research is lack of system framework of Chinese ODI location choice behavior, this paper is compatible with the appropriate technology theory to build home advantage role of macroeconomic factors and micro enterprise investment behavior of the bridge location selection system using system. In this paper the emerging FDI theory and traditional FDI theory on the advantage of enterprise ownership the discussion on the motivation of enterprise investment and a framework for analysis, heterogeneity of enterprises using the idea of new trade theory, the modified HMCFMECM model to construct a general model of enterprise ODI location; on this basis, the system compatibility and appropriate technology in two aspects of home ownership advantages from pumping out of the summarized as "country specific advantage", and country specific advantages including system suitable for embedding and technology advantages. Thus, we get "ODI enterprise location selection model -- home macro factors point model -- country specific advantages influence enterprise location choice of ODI" which is a complete chain of logic based on the core content of this paper is that: the selection mechanism of enterprise location specific advantage ODI home. In addition, the mechanism of selection framework ODI location specific advantage of home enterprises next, Chinese revealed in ODI's home country under the background of transformation, to serve as the government to promote marginal industrial transfer and location Limited (location bound) resource acquisition tool, which is affected by the government function adjustment, showing location select preferences.
This paper mainly obtains the following three conclusions: first, country specific advantage to promote the traditional ODI investment system and the technology environment and the home country similar host. Second, country specific advantages to promote the strategy of ODI investment system and the technology environment and the home country moderate. The gap between the Eastern Road third, in the economic transition background, strengthen government Chinese ODI country specific advantage, to 2003-2010 years Chinese ODI stable concentrated in three categories, a total of 50 countries, respectively: abundant natural resources but high risk countries, cheap labor abundant countries, strategic assets and China abundant but had developed countries close FDI exchanges.
The responses to the location China whether ODI has special argument that China ODI enterprise investment is not divorced from the profit maximization hypothesis of rational economic man, and the China ODI behavior nor from the basis of enterprise ownership advantage, and the advantage of enterprise ownership is the starting point for analysis of the enterprise ODI IB. So the location of Chinese ODI the special argument is: at the theoretical level is not divorced from the general analysis framework in the field of IB location choice China ODI, which has shown not for the first national enterprise ODI "general rules", the key reason is that the current enterprise ownership advantage Chinese ODI enterprises to carry out overseas investment with the advantages of universal the developed countries have non ODI companies, but a large proportion from the home country specific advantages. Chinese economic transformation of the special economic reality to bus The country's specific advantages have certain particularity, which is why China's ODI has shown a stable three type of location preference.
The innovation of this paper is mainly embodied in two aspects: from the theoretical perspective, the difference of ODI between the traditional type and investment strategy at the same time, the two types of enterprise ODI investment behavior unified to the same location choice model, for the subsequent research of enterprise location choice model framework system. For both the lack of location system IB the choice of model defects (Lu Minghong, 1999). In addition, this paper proposes an innovative "country specific advantages" thought, the effects of ODI on home country enterprise investment behavior analysis framing system, and lay a solid foundation for both the FDI theory about enterprise ownership advantage research. From the empirical perspective, found a special location China ODI choose the experience rule, that is 2003-2010 years Chinese ODI concentrated in the three types of institutional environment and resource endowments of different host countries. In addition, it is also explained how Chinese domestic economic restructuring made ODI The feature of preference preference lies in the role of the government in the logic of the specific advantage of the mother country.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.6;F224

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