系统重要性金融机构监管的国际经验及启示

发布时间：2018-03-28 13:45

本文选题：系统重要性　切入点：道德风险　出处：《中国青年政治学院》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：2008年国际金融危机发生后,许多大型金融机构出现经营问题甚至倒闭,由于这些金融机构在金融体系中扮演重要角色,具有规模大、业务复杂以及与其他金融机构关联性强等特点,使得这些机构的风险通过各种渠道传导到其他金融机构,进而引发一系列连锁反应,对金融体系造成严重冲击。此后,国际监管组织加强对系统重要性金融机构的研究,并提出了一些监管的政策建议,美英等国也加强了对系统重要性金融机构的监管。从2011年开始,金融稳定理事会根据巴塞尔委员会提出的评估标准,于每年11月发布全球系统重要性银行名单,中国银行在2011年被纳入名单中,中国工商银行在2013年也被纳入名单中。这不仅表明中国的大型银行具有一定国际影响力,也提醒中国监管层要加强对系统重要性金融机构的监管。由于系统重要性金融机构在金融体系中处于关键地位,其经营出现问题会增加金融体系的脆弱性,而且系统重要性金融机构资产负债规模巨大,其经营的波动会加剧经济的波动,更易加剧顺周期风险。此外,在危机发生后政府对系统重要性金融机构的救助引发了“大而不倒”的道德风险,凸显了系统重要性金融机构经营风险的社会危害和对其进行严格监管的必要性。国际监管机构作为国际组织,对系统重要性金融机构的监管做了许多研究,不过世界各国还是根据本国具体情况实施各自不同的政策措施。美国作为金融危机的发源地,在危机后对金融监管体系进行重大调整,英国在危机中受到的冲击属于外源性的,且金融监管体系相对比较完备,改革力度较小,欧盟作为一体化组织,其监管权力本身就有限制,主要是推动欧盟各国加强金融监管。从目前国际监管组织和各国监管层提出的监管政策来看,对系统重要性金融机构进行监管的框架已基本形成。首先是确立专职监管机构,其次是建立评估标准,最后是提出具体监管措施,包括降低规模、复杂度,提出附加资本要求,以及建立问题机构处置制度等。结合中国银行业的实际情况以及监管现状,借鉴其他国家的监管实践,本文认为中国应该健全监管的法律体系,加强监管权威,确立系统重要性银行评估标准,明确监管对象,以及建立完善的恢复与处置框架,明确问题机构处置制度。
[Abstract]:After the international financial crisis in 2008, many large financial institutions had business problems or even failed. Because these financial institutions played an important role in the financial system and had a large scale, The complexity of business and its strong relevance to other financial institutions make the risks of these institutions transmitted to other financial institutions through various channels, thus triggering a series of chain reactions, which have a serious impact on the financial system. International regulatory organizations have strengthened their research on systemically important financial institutions and put forward some regulatory policy recommendations. Countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom have also strengthened their supervision of systemically important financial institutions. Since 2011, The Financial Stability Board publishes a list of banks of global systemic importance in November of each year in accordance with the assessment criteria proposed by the Basel Committee, and the Bank of China was included in the list in 2011. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China was also included in the list in 2013. This not only shows that China's large banks have some international influence, China also reminds regulators to strengthen regulation of systemically important financial institutions. Because systemically important financial institutions are in a critical position in the financial system, problems with their operations will increase the vulnerability of the financial system. Moreover, the assets and liabilities of systemically important financial institutions are very large, and the fluctuations in their operations will increase the volatility of the economy and aggravate the pro-cyclical risks. In the aftermath of the crisis, the government's bailout of systemically important financial institutions led to moral hazard that was "too big to fail". Highlighting the social harm of systemically important financial institutions operating risks and the need for strict supervision of them. As an international organization, international regulators have done a lot of research on the regulation of systemically important financial institutions, However, countries around the world still implement different policies and measures according to their specific conditions. As the birthplace of the financial crisis, the United States made major adjustments to the financial regulatory system after the crisis, and the impact on Britain during the crisis was exogenous. Moreover, the financial supervision system is relatively complete and the reform is relatively weak. As an integrated organization, the European Union has its regulatory power itself limited. It is mainly to promote the European Union countries to strengthen financial supervision. Judging from the current regulatory policies put forward by international regulatory organizations and regulatory levels in various countries, the framework for the supervision of systemically important financial institutions has basically formed. First of all, it is to establish a full-time regulatory body. The second is to establish evaluation criteria, and finally to put forward specific regulatory measures, including reducing the scale, complexity, additional capital requirements, and setting up a system of handling problems, etc. Combined with the actual situation of China's banking industry and the current regulatory situation, Based on the regulatory practice of other countries, this paper holds that China should perfect the legal system of supervision, strengthen the authority of supervision, establish the evaluation standard of systemically important banks, define the object of supervision, and establish a perfect framework of recovery and disposal. Clarify the system of handling problems.
【学位授予单位】：中国青年政治学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F831.1

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