商业银行小微企业贷款业务与风险控制研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 11:38

本文选题：小微企业　切入点：金融机构　出处：《山东农业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：小微企业就是指小型企业，微型企业等统称。其一般划分标准是:如果从业人员在20人以上并且是300人以下，营业收入在300万以上并且是2000万以下的为小型企业；如果从业人员在20人以下，，或者营业收入在300万以下的为微型企业。该定义参考了企业的从业人员以及营业收入做标准，适用于各行业，包括农工商以及服务业。小微企业是中国经济最小的经济主体，对稳定中国经济增长，扩大就业渠道，增加税收，维护社会稳定等有着不可替代的作用，也是我国经济增长的主要生力军。然而在政策影响下，导致原材料成本上涨，出货订单萎缩等经营问题，所以小微企业急需进行资本融资。由于小微企业的各种现实问题导致小微企业融资难，经营难，这已成为一个急需要破解的问题如今，在国内大部分的股份制银行在外部市场份额竞争和内部利润考核压力剧增的双重背景下，不断的投入大量的人力，物力，财力，成立中小企业部门甚至小微企业团队，各个商业银行都在把小微商户的信贷业务作为本行的新的利润增长点，在突破传统模式的情况下加快行内业务的转型，抢占市场份额。但是从企业信用评级和公司业务信贷准入标准角度来讲，小微企业的信用的风险和规模的风险阻挡了银行前进的脚步，因此中小企业的信贷风控问题已成为当今各个商业银行需要解决的当务之急。小微企业融资难，贷款难，直接影响了企业的发展。因此，如何改变商业银行的现有信贷模式，给予小微企业提供资金支持并防范小微企业的贷款的各种风险促进其良好的发展已成为各大商业银行亟须解决的重要问题。本文以国内商业银行的业务视角，并结合各个商业银行的信用评级与风险控制方案，结合实际需求，提出了一套完整的全新的小微企业信贷业务的风险管理机制，并结合银行原有的公司授信业务和零售授信业务进行了部分改进，也在实际操作中加以运用。但是由于各种原因导致国内的各个商业银行小微企业信贷业务起步相对较晚，在实际操作中的风险控制和风险管理方面还缺少大量的实践和经验，并且小微企业良莠不齐，监管松散，规模不统一，经营者的自身素质偏低，导致整体风险问题问题突出。因此，本文认为，如果要解决要上述问题，需要政策环境，商业银行，小微企业一起努力，改变现有营运模式，合理发展小微信贷事业，让小微企业创造的利益成为商业银行的新的利益增长点。为了更好地总结和研究现阶段商业银行对小微企业信贷的风险控制模式。本文以平安银行为例，重点分析平安银行小微企业信贷的风险研究与管理模式，并结合实际，对银行如何完善风险控制，建设合理的的小微信用评级体系，以及风险测算模型，小微企业信贷准入标准，产品的研发与改进等各个方面提出了中肯的建议与意见。
[Abstract]:Small and micro enterprises refer to small enterprises, micro enterprises and so on.The general criteria are as follows: if the number of employees is more than 20 and less than 300, and the operating income is above 3 million and below 20 million, it is a small business; if the number of employees is less than 20,Or operating income below 3 million for micro-enterprises.The definition, which refers to employees and income standards, applies to all industries, including agriculture, commerce and services.Small and micro enterprises are the smallest economic main body of China's economy, which plays an irreplaceable role in stabilizing China's economic growth, expanding employment channels, increasing tax revenue and maintaining social stability, and is also the main new force in China's economic growth.However, under the influence of the policy, the cost of raw materials rises, the order of shipping shrinks and so on, so small and micro enterprises are in urgent need of capital financing.As a result of various practical problems of small and micro enterprises, it is difficult for them to finance and manage, which has become a problem that needs to be solved urgently.Nowadays, under the dual background of the competition in the external market share and the sharp increase of internal profit assessment pressure, most of the domestic joint-stock banks have continuously invested a large amount of manpower, material resources, financial resources, and set up small and medium-sized enterprise departments and even small and micro enterprise teams.Each commercial bank is taking the credit business of the small and micro merchant as the new profit growth point of the bank, speeding up the transformation of the internal business under the circumstances of breaking through the traditional mode, and preempting the market share.But from the point of view of enterprise credit rating and corporate credit access standards, the credit risk and scale risk of small and micro enterprises have prevented banks from moving forward.Therefore, the credit risk control of small and medium-sized enterprises has become an urgent task for commercial banks.Small and micro-enterprises financing difficulties, loans are difficult, directly affected the development of enterprises.Therefore, how to change the existing credit model of commercial banks, to provide financial support to small and micro enterprises and to guard against the various risks of loans to small and micro enterprises to promote their good development has become an important problem to be solved urgently by major commercial banks.In this paper, from the perspective of domestic commercial banks, combining the credit rating and risk control schemes of each commercial bank, combining with the actual demand, this paper puts forward a complete set of new risk management mechanism for the credit business of small and micro enterprises.Combined with the bank's original corporate credit business and retail credit business has been partially improved, also used in the actual operation.However, due to various reasons, the credit business of small and micro enterprises of domestic commercial banks started relatively late, and the risk control and risk management in practical operation are still lack of a lot of practice and experience, and the good and bad of small and micro enterprises are not uniform.Loose supervision, disunity of scale and low quality of operators lead to the problem of overall risk.Therefore, this paper believes that if we want to solve the above problems, we need the policy environment, commercial banks and small and micro enterprises to work together to change the existing business model, and to develop the small and micro credit industry reasonably.Small and micro-enterprises to create the interests of commercial banks to become a new growth point of interest.In order to summarize and study the risk control model of small and micro-enterprise credit for commercial banks at this stage.Taking Ping an Bank as an example, this paper focuses on the risk research and management model of Ping an Bank's small and micro enterprise credit, and how to perfect the risk control, build a reasonable small and micro credit rating system, as well as risk measurement model, combined with the practice.Some suggestions and suggestions on credit access standards, product development and improvement are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.33;F832.4;F276.3

【参考文献】