支付机构业务发展及中央银行监管研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 17:42

本文选题：支付机构 + 网络支付　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：支付机构，即取得人民银行颁发的《支付业务许可证》、提供支付服务的非金融机构，也称第三方支付机构，支付机构提供的支付服务通常被称为第三方支付服务。近年来，支付机构业务创新和拓展速度惊人，易观智库数据显示，2013年我国第三方支付业务的总体交易规模达到17.9万亿元，同比增长43.2%。随着支付机构业务快速发展，人民银行相关监管实践也处在不断地探索中。当前，人民银行面临着两个难题：其一是如何在防范风险的前提下，鼓励支付机构业务创新，防范其野蛮生长给经济、金融体系带来的冲击和风险？其二是如何做到对支付服务市场中各参与主体的监管一致性，，创造公平、透明的监管环境，促进整个支付服务市场效率的提升？这两个问题实质是业务的创新与监管、风险与效率的平衡问题。本文对这两个问题的回答依赖于对支付机构业务微观运行机制和宏观经济影响的深入研究。在微观层面上，本文对支付机构开展的各主要业务类型进行剖析，阐述各类业务的发展状况、潜在风险和监管难点；对第三方支付服务市场进行组织结构分析。在宏观层面上，依托对支付机构业务数据的搜集和估算，论证支付机构客户备付金通过同业渠道进行货币创造的效应，以及通过支付机构实现货币基金直接支付对货币供应量的影响。本文对第一个问题的回答是从支付机构业务的特殊性出发，对支付业务创新实施功能监管，凡是涉及到支付业务的环节，都要综合考虑现有支付体系的安全性，牢牢守住不发生系统性风险的底线。本文对第二个问题的回答是转变当前以支付渠道、介质为依据划分业务类型分别监管的思路，对同质业务实施统一管理。同时，本文借鉴财务指标分析的相关内容，构建公开、透明的基于支付机构信息披露的监管指标体系，结合第三方支付服务市场特征，提出对重点支付机构实施非对称监管的理念。本文的主要创新点，一是首次完整论证支付机构开展业务产生的客户备付金存管导致的货币创造机制；二是结合我国第三方支付服务市场存在较高的市场集中度的事实，提出对重点支付机构实施非对称监管的政策建议；三是综合监管部门对支付机构的信息披露要求，构建了一整套可用于对支付机构进行非现场检查的指标体系，将有助于监管部门对支付机构日常经营状况和业务开展情况进行风险预警和评估；四是详细梳理了支付机构各业务类型的业务流程和潜在风险，并尝试给出一些针对性的监管政策建议。
[Abstract]:Payment institutions, which obtain the payment license issued by the people's Bank of China, provide payment services to non-financial institutions, also known as third-party payment institutions, and the payment services provided by payment institutions are usually called third-party payment services.In recent years, the speed of innovation and expansion of payment institutions' business has been amazing. According to the data from the Analytical think-tank, the total transaction scale of China's third-party payment business reached 17.9 trillion yuan in 2013, an increase of 43.2 percent over the same period last year.With the rapid development of payment institution business, the relevant supervision practice of the people's Bank of China is in constant exploration.At present, the people's Bank of China is faced with two difficult problems: first, how to encourage the business innovation of payment institutions under the premise of risk prevention, to prevent the impact and risks brought by its barbaric growth to the economy and financial system?Second, how to achieve the consistency of the payment service market, create a fair and transparent regulatory environment, and promote the efficiency of the whole payment service market?The essence of these two problems is the business innovation and supervision, the balance of risk and efficiency.In this paper, the answers to these two questions depend on the in-depth study of the microcosmic operating mechanism and macroeconomic impact of the payment institution's business.At the micro level, this paper analyzes the main business types of payment institutions, expounds the development of various types of business, potential risks and regulatory difficulties, and analyzes the organizational structure of third-party payment service market.At the macro level, relying on the collection and estimation of the business data of payment institutions, the paper demonstrates the effect of currency creation by means of inter-bank channels.And through the payment institutions to realize the direct payment of money funds to the impact of money supply.The answer to the first question in this paper is that, starting from the particularity of the business of the payment organization, the functional supervision of the innovation of the payment business should be carried out, and the safety of the existing payment system should be considered synthetically when it comes to the link of the payment business.Keep a firm hold of the bottom line against systemic risk.In this paper, the answer to the second question is to change the idea of dividing the business types according to the payment channel and medium, and to implement the unified management of the homogeneous business.At the same time, based on the analysis of financial indicators, this paper constructs an open and transparent regulatory index system based on information disclosure of payment institutions, combining with the market characteristics of third-party payment services.The idea of asymmetric supervision of key payment institutions is put forward.The main innovation points of this paper are as follows: first, the first complete demonstration of the money creation mechanism caused by the customer reserve deposit management caused by the operation of payment institutions; the second, the fact that there is a high market concentration in the third-party payment service market in China.It puts forward some policy recommendations on asymmetric supervision of key payment institutions. Thirdly, the comprehensive regulatory authorities have set up a set of indicators for off-site inspection of payment institutions.It will help the regulatory authorities to carry out risk early warning and assessment on the daily operating status and business development of payment institutions; fourth, it will comb the business processes and potential risks of various business types of payment organizations in detail.And try to give some targeted regulatory policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.31;F832.39

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