商业银行信用卡业务盈利研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 00:02

本文选题：商业银行 + 信用卡　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国拥有亚洲乃至全球最大的潜在信用卡持卡人群体，伴随着我国国民经济的持续增长，居民收入以及消费水平不断提升，国内市场已经为信用卡产业的发展提供了规模化的发展空间。由于目前我国尚不具备具有国际竞争力、规模较大的专业发卡机构和高效率、集群化的的大型专业服务机构，整个信用卡产业的总体竞争力仍有待进一步的提升。特别是加入国际贸易组织后，外资银行已将信用卡业务作为其重要手段之一，用于抢夺中国境内市场。信用卡市场一旦全面开放，外资银行将迅速的全面进入国内信用卡各个领域，在分销渠道上充分发挥外资银行在市场营销、管理机制、发卡经验、服务手段等各个方面的优势，在多币种卡、外卡收单等相关业务上，同国内商业银行展开激烈的业务竞争。因此，国内商业银行必须及时的了解信用卡业务自身发展现状，找出不足并解决当前所存在的问题，加快银行卡业务的结构调整功能创新，进而打造出功能齐全、服务完备的银行卡自有品牌，进而提升国内市场份额，最终提高商业银行经营效益，为迎接未来信用卡业务发展以及愈演愈烈的市场竞争奠定坚实基础。国内信用卡市场出现了快速发展的局面，无论是发卡机构还是消费者都在推动着信用卡业务前行。中国拥有者庞大的信用卡潜在客户，信用卡业务的发展潜力巨大。在目标客户引导方向上，以利息收入为主的发卡机构旨在提高消费额，以回佣为主的发卡机构致力于提高消费频率；以回佣收益为主的发卡机构则拥有数量更为庞大的商户资源，，以利差收益为主的发卡机构容易受到资本金的限制，以回佣收益为主的发卡机构风险较小，发卡机构盈利方式更为主动。盈利模式本身没有好坏之分，发卡机构通常会因其经营性质和营销策略，而采取不同的信用卡盈利模式。中国信用卡的发展不同于西方发达国家，中国有其独具中国特色的国情以及发展现状，应探索符合中国国情的信用卡发展战略，不能仅靠简单的模仿，中国的信用卡发卡机构需要探索符合自身发展的信用卡盈利模式、发展战略以及风险防范手段，才能促进中国信用卡产业的健康发展。从国内信用卡业务的现实环境来看，无论是利差收入还是商户佣金收入，都难以在短期内单独支持起信用卡盈利的快速增长。首先，受市场环境限制，信用卡利差收入规模仍然较小。国内信用卡产业的市场环境决定了单产依靠利差收入难以支撑信用卡业务的发展。从当前“自动还款”业务及高的采用率可以看出，国内绝大多数信用卡用户并不把信用卡当作“消费信贷的工具”，而仅仅是“消费支付的工具”，信用卡利差盈利模式虽然存在，但由于规模太小而无法给银行带来高额回报。其次商户回佣面临不断下降的压力，单纯依靠商户会用短期内也难以实现盈利的快速增长。通过运用数据分析，可得出我国商业银行信用卡业务的综合贡献度分布不均，整体水平有待提高。各家商业银行对于信用卡业务存在不同的发展策略，造成了各家商业银行信用卡业务贡献率的差异。虽然费用收入增加策略的效率低于资产扩张的效率。但是商业银行信用卡业务的中间业务收入基本来源还是利息收入和收付费收入，因此进行贷款结构调整和进行资产扩张仍是提高信用卡业务贡献度的主要推动因素。国内金融市场面临着金融脱媒以及利率市场化的进行形势，各家商业银行在传统银行业务的盈利空间日渐压缩，信用卡业务作为近几年新兴的市场，为商业银行贡献的利润逐年增加，在商业银行进行零售业务转型的过程中，信用卡业务将充当改革发展的排头兵，在商业银行利润贡献方面势必逐年增长。扩大信用卡贷款规模，提高信用卡利息收入水平是提高商业银行信用卡业务利润的主要手段。目前国内商业银行信用卡收入中手续费和佣金收入占比较大，为进一步提高信用卡业务经营利润，应积极调整进行信用卡业务经营结构调整，扩大信用卡贷款规模，进一步提高中间业务收入，这对于商业银行信用卡利润的快速提升能够起到事半功倍的效果。从实施角度看，商业银行应落脚于传统渠道与新兴渠道并举、国内市场与国际市场并举。商业银行应依托广大分支机构力量，拓展信用卡发卡、收单和客户服务业务，构建信用卡业务发展平台，实现与其他营业收入业务的有机融合和优势互补实现信用卡业务盈利。
[Abstract]:China has the largest potential credit card holder group in Asia and the world. With the continuous growth of our national economy, the income and consumption level of the residents are increasing. The domestic market has provided the scale of development space for the development of credit card industry. The overall competitiveness of the whole credit card industry remains to be further improved. Especially after joining the international trade organization, foreign banks have taken credit card business as one of its important means to snatch the domestic market. Once the credit card market is comprehensive, the credit card market is comprehensive. Opening up, foreign banks will quickly and comprehensively enter the various fields of domestic credit cards, and give full play to the advantages of foreign banks in marketing, management mechanism, card issuing experience, service means and so on in the distribution channels. In the related business of multi currency card and foreign card receipt, the foreign banks will compete with domestic commercial banks in the fierce business competition. Therefore, the country is engaged in fierce competition with the domestic commercial banks. It is necessary for the commercial banks to understand the current status of the credit card business in a timely manner, find out the shortcomings and solve the existing problems, accelerate the structural adjustment of the bank card business, and then create a complete function and complete service of the bank card its own brand, and then improve the market share in the country, and ultimately improve the business efficiency of the commercial banks. It will lay a solid foundation for the future development of credit card business and the increasingly fierce market competition.
The domestic credit card market has developed rapidly, both the issuer and the consumer are pushing forward the credit card business. China has a huge credit card potential customers, and the credit card business has a great potential for development. In the direction of target customers, the interest based issuer is aimed at increasing the consumption, The issuing agency, based on the domestic service, is committed to increasing the consumption frequency. The issuing agencies, based on the return on earnings, have a larger number of business resources, and the issuers with the main profit margin are easily restricted by the capital. The risk of the issuing agencies based on the return of the domestic profit is smaller, and the profit mode of the issuing agencies is more active. The model itself has no good or bad points. The issuing agencies usually adopt different credit card profit models because of their management nature and marketing strategies. The development of China's credit cards is different from that of western developed countries. China has its unique Chinese characteristics and development status. It should explore the development strategy of credit card which is in line with the national conditions of China. By simple imitation, China's credit card issuing agencies need to explore the profit model of credit card that conforms to its own development, the development strategy and the means of risk prevention, in order to promote the healthy development of the Chinese credit card industry.
From the real environment of the domestic credit card business, it is difficult to support the rapid growth of credit card profit in the short term, whether it is profit income or merchant commission income. First, the market environment is limited and the scale of credit card difference income is still small. The market environment of domestic credit card industry determines that single production depends on the profit margin.
It is difficult to support the development of credit card business. From the current "automatic repayment" business and the high adoption rate, it can be seen that most of the credit card users in China do not regard credit cards as "consumer credit tools", but only "consumer payment tools", although credit card difference profit model exists, but is too small to be given. Banks bring high returns. Secondly, commercial merchants are facing a downward pressure. Relying solely on merchants will be difficult to achieve rapid growth in profits in the short term.
Through the use of data analysis, it can be concluded that the overall contribution of the credit card business of commercial banks in China is uneven distribution and the overall level needs to be improved. There are different development strategies for the credit card business of various commercial banks, which have caused the difference in the contribution rate of the credit card business of various commercial banks. But the basic source of the middle business income of the commercial bank's credit card business is the interest income and the income of the payment. Therefore, the adjustment of the loan structure and the expansion of the assets are still the main driving factors to improve the contribution of the credit card business. As a result of the situation, the profit space of the commercial banks in the traditional banking is becoming more and more compressed. As a new market in recent years, the profit of the credit card business is increasing year by year. In the process of the commercial bank's retail business transformation, the credit card business will serve as the leader of the reform and the profit contribution of the commercial bank. Increasing credit card loan scale and increasing the level of credit card interest income are the main means to improve the profit of commercial bank credit card business. At present, the domestic commercial banks' credit card income is more than the Commission and commission income. In order to further improve the credit card business profit, the credit card industry should be adjusted actively. The adjustment of the business management structure, the expansion of credit card loan scale and the further improvement of the income of the intermediary business can double the effect of the rapid promotion of the profit of the commercial bank credit card. With the strength of the broad branch of the branch, credit card issuing, receipt and customer service, credit card business development platform, organic integration with other business revenue services and complementary advantages to achieve credit card business profit.

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.2

【参考文献】