商业银行IT外包绩效影响因素及作用机制研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 15:29

本文选题：IT外包 + 外包绩效　；参考：《对外经济贸易大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：随着经济全球化与网络化的深入发展，外包日益成为企业发展的重要战略手段。外包作为一种有效的管理模式，具有整合、使用企业外部各种专业技术资源，能够达到有效降低成本、大大提高效率、有效发挥自身核心竞争力并明显提升企业对外部环境的迅速应变能力的特性。早期的外包动因是利用专业化分工和规模化经济优势达成企业运营效率提高和成本下降的目标，随着外包的深入发展和广泛应用，外包已不仅是企业降低成本的简单工具。20世纪90年代，美国管理学家Prahalad和Hamel在《企业的核心竞争力》中首次提出了核心竞争力理论，外包自此也日益成为企业保持其核心竞争力的有效手段。数据显示，当今企业的外包趋势非常明显，超过70%的企业都选择将部分业务进行外包，但是外包绩效的整体满意度却达不到50%。大多数企业选择外包的目的是降低成本和提升核心竞争力，但是超过半数的企业对外包的实施结果表示失望，这种现象值得深思，也督促我们进一步研究如何优化外包的管理和实施，从而提高外包绩效、提升满意度。对于我国商业银行而言，金融业的全面开放为其创新和发展带来了契机，与此同时也带来了挑战。我国绝大多数商业银行，特别是中小型商业银行如城市商业银行和农村商业银行等，由于在经营经验、信息技术和人才等方面有所欠缺，利用外包的方式可以有效的解决上述问题。银行业最早出现外包是在20世纪70年代，到20世纪90年代以后外包在银行业的应用发展逐步加快，随着信息技术升级等因素的推动，目前银行业对外包的整体规模已相当可观，并且涵盖领域也已覆盖整个IT范畴。商业银行的IT外包已经越来越成为商业银行获取外部资源，提高自身运行效率和对新技术的应变能力、降低运营成本的有效解决方式，但是在IT外包过程中，由于各种不确定性因素的出现和可能遭遇的各种风险，不是所有的商业银行都能够达到预期的外包目标，因此，如何有效提升IT外包的绩效成为商业银行在进行IT外包选择时面临的一个重要问题。针对上述问题，本研究在众多学者研究基础上，以国内大中小各种类型的商业银行为样本，研究了商业银行在实施IT外包过程中影响外包绩效的重要因素，进而分析了不同因素对IT外包绩效的作用机制和影响效应。本研究主要通过如下步骤展开研究：（1）文献综述与理论溯源。本研究梳理了外包研究的相关进展与成果，回顾了交易成本理论、资源基础理论、劳动分工理论、核心竞争力理论、代理理论和控制理论等外包相关联理论，通过这些基础性工作为本研究奠定了理论基础，为系统研究外包绩效的提升拓展了思路。（2）在深入展开分析的基础上构建了研究模型。基于上述理论研究，初步探究了影响IT外包绩效的关键因素，然后本文分别从IT外包模式、IT外包管控和IT外包关系三个切入点展开分析，形成了IT外包绩效影响因素的概念模型。通过进一步分析各个影响因素的作用机制，形成了本研究的整体模型和研究假设。（3）实证检验。本研究的实证研究分为三个阶段，第一阶段为整理、研究、编制各变量测量量表，设计有效问卷并通过试测进行优化；第二阶段在全国范围内的商业银行进行大规模调研，获得157份有效样本数据，在此基础上完成了所获取数据的信度分析与效度分析，并进行了相应的数据优化；第三阶段根据设计的整体模型，进行了验证性因子分析和研究假设的检验，验证了IT外包绩效各个影响因素及作用机制的结论。本研究使用SPSS20.0和AMOS20.0作为工具进行分析，在数据分析验证过程中使用的主要方法包括：描述性统计分析、多元线性回归分析、探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析和结构方程模型分析等。通过上述研究过程，本文得出了如下主要观点和结论：（1）根据现有的理论研究成果及商业银行的IT外包操作实践，总结提出了交易契约型外包和战略伙伴型外包两种模式，在研究阐述了两种外包模式的驱动因素、业务特点和执行优劣势的基础上，，分别阐述了对外包后续实施的影响。通过分析，交易契约型外包模式会对IT外包的管控和外包关系产生影响，但影响深度处于组织间的层面上；战略合作型外包模式将从组织内和组织间两个层面上对IT外包的管控和外包关系产生影响。（2）基于IT治理理论构建了商业银行IT外包管控框架。本研究从战略融合、价值交付、资源管理、风险管理和绩效测评五个维度分析了商业银行在实施IT外包过程中的活动内容与组织层面的管理控制需求，针对IT外包的内容，构建了涵盖IT外包业务的计划组织、IT外包服务的获取实施、IT外包成果的交付支持和IT外包活动的监控评价共四方面内容的商业银行IT外包管控框架，并细化了每一方面的管控目标、具体的管控内容与措施。（3）探究了商业银行IT外包模式、IT外包管控和IT外包关系的相互影响。上述三者作为IT外包绩效的重要影响因素，同时在内部也具有相互影响关系，具体为：交易契约型外包模式对IT外包管控的交付支持和监控评价因子具有显著正向影响，战略伙伴型外包模式对IT外包管控的计划组织和监控评价因子具有显著正向影响；战略伙伴型外包模式对IT外包关系具有显著正向影响；IT外包管控对IT外包关系具有显著正向影响。（4）进行了IT外包绩效影响因素的模型构建与实证分析。基于组织控制理论和IT治理理论，本研究结合Jae-Nam Lee等（2008）、Arun Rai等（2009）和杜荣等（2012）构建的IT外包绩效影响因素模型，在进行提炼整理和银行业适用性分析改进基础上构建出研究模型。实证研究表明，第一，IT外包模式与IT外包绩效具有相关关系，且IT外包模式通过对IT外包管控和IT外包关系的影响，进而会影响到IT外包的绩效；第二，IT外包管控和IT外包关系都会对IT外包绩效产生正向的影响，但是IT外包关系产生的影响更大；第三，IT外包管控不仅对IT外包关系具有正向影响，而且通过与IT外包关系互相作用，最终共同对IT外包绩效产生影响。这就要求：商业银行采用交易契约型外包模式时，应注重从交付支持和监控评价两个维度加强对IT外包的管控，从而促进IT外包经济绩效的提升；商业银行采用战略伙伴型外包模式时，应注重从计划组织和监控评价两个维度加强对IT外包的管控，从而促进IT外包战略绩效有效提升。本研究在现有研究成果的基础之上，将研究对象锁定于IT外包绩效的影响因素，并通过商业银行的调研数据进行实证检验分析，重点考察了外包模式、外包管控和外包关系对绩效的影响。从组织管理和控制的角度出发，本研究对IT外包管控进行深入剖析，分析了不同外包模式下对IT外包管控的不同需求以及产生的影响效应。同时，本研究将外包与组织控制理论相结合进行了深入探析，一方面对外包理论研究作出了重要补充，另一方面，也进一步扩展和丰富了组织控制理论的应用。对于商业银行IT管理和IT外包实施工作而言，本研究也具有重要的实践指导价值，研究成果有助于协助商业银行根据自身需求和定位，选择合理的IT外包模式，通过对外包过程和外包关系实施有针对性的管理强化，从而最终获得IT外包绩效的有效提升。
[Abstract]:With the development of economic globalization and networking, outsourcing has increasingly become an important strategic means of enterprise development. Outsourcing as an effective management model, integration, the use of various professional and technical resources outside the enterprise, can achieve effective reduction in cost, greatly improve efficiency, effectively play its core competitiveness and obviously improve the enterprise The early outsourcing motivation is to use specialization and scale economic advantage to achieve the goal of improving enterprise operation efficiency and cost reduction. With the deep development and wide application of outsourcing, outsourcing is not only a simple tool for enterprises to reduce the cost of production in the 90s.20 century, management of the United States. Prahalad and Hamel put forward the theory of core competitiveness for the first time in the core competitiveness of enterprises. Outsourcing has increasingly become an effective means for enterprises to maintain their core competitiveness. Data show that the outsourcing trend of today's enterprises is very obvious, more than 70% of enterprises choose to outsource part of their business, but the overall outsourcing performance However, the satisfaction of most enterprises is less than 50%.'s choice of outsourcing is to reduce cost and improve the core competitiveness, but more than half of the enterprises are disappointed in the implementation of outsourcing. This phenomenon is worth thinking deeply, and also urges us to further study how to optimize the management and implementation of outsourcing, so as to improve the outsourcing performance and improve the satisfaction.
For the commercial banks in China, the overall opening of the financial industry has brought opportunities for its innovation and development, and at the same time brings challenges. The earliest outsourcing of the banking industry was in 1970s, and the application of outsourcing in the banking industry was accelerated after the year of 1970s. With the promotion of information technology upgrading, the overall scale of the banking industry has been considerable, and the coverage area has also been covered. Covering the whole IT category, the IT outsourcing of commercial banks has increasingly become an effective way for commercial banks to obtain external resources, improve their operational efficiency and the ability to strain the new technology and reduce the operating costs. However, in the IT outsourcing process, all kinds of uncertainties and possible risks are not all The commercial banks can achieve the desired outsourcing objectives. Therefore, how to effectively improve the performance of IT outsourcing has become an important issue for commercial banks in the choice of IT outsourcing.
In view of the above problems, on the basis of many scholars' research, this paper studies the important factors that affect the outsourcing performance of commercial banks during the implementation of IT outsourcing, and then analyzes the mechanism and effect effect of different factors on the performance of IT outsourcing. Step by step:
(1) literature review and theoretical origin. This study combs the related progress and achievements of outsourcing research, reviews the theory of transaction cost, the theory of resource base, the theory of labor division, the theory of core competence, the theory of surrogate theory and control theory, and lays a theoretical foundation for the research through these basic work. The promotion of outsourcing performance has expanded the way of thinking.
(2) the research model is built on the basis of in-depth analysis. Based on the above theoretical research, the key factors affecting the performance of IT outsourcing are preliminarily explored. Then, this paper analyzes the IT outsourcing model, IT outsourcing management and IT outsourcing relationship, and forms a conceptual model of the factors affecting the performance of IT outsourcing. Analyzing the mechanism of the various influencing factors, the whole model and research hypothesis of the study are formed.
(3) empirical test. The empirical study of this study is divided into three stages. The first stage is to collate, study, compile variable measurement scale, design effective questionnaire and optimize it through test and test. The second stage of commercial banks in the national scale, obtain 157 valid sample data, and then complete the obtained number. According to the reliability analysis and validity analysis, the corresponding data optimization is carried out. In the third stage, the confirmatory factor analysis and the research hypothesis test are carried out according to the overall model of the design. The results of the various factors and the mechanism of the IT outsourcing performance are verified. This study uses SPSS20.0 and AMOS20.0 as a tool to analyze the data. The main methods used in the process of analysis and verification include descriptive statistical analysis, multivariate linear regression analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model analysis.
Through the above research process, the following main points and conclusions are drawn.
(1) according to the existing theoretical research results and the IT outsourcing operation practice of commercial banks, this paper sums up two modes of transaction contract outsourcing and strategic partnership outsourcing. On the basis of the driving factors, business characteristics and execution advantages and disadvantages of the two outsourcing models, the impact on the follow-up implementation of outsourcing is expounded. The transaction contract outsourcing model will affect the management control and outsourcing relationship of IT outsourcing, but the impact depth is in the inter organizational level. The strategic cooperative outsourcing model will affect the management and outsourcing relationship of IT outsourcing from two levels of organization and organization.
(2) based on the IT governance theory, the IT outsourcing management and control framework for commercial banks is constructed. This study analyzes the management control requirements of commercial banks' activities in the implementation of IT outsourcing process from the five dimensions of strategic integration, value delivery, resource management, risk management and performance evaluation. In view of the content of IT outsourcing, the construction covers IT. The planning organization of package business, the implementation of IT outsourcing service, the delivery support of the IT outsourcing results and the monitoring and evaluation of the IT outsourcing activities are four aspects of the IT outsourcing management framework for commercial banks, and detailed the control objectives and specific control contents and measures in each aspect.
(3) explore the IT outsourcing model of commercial banks, the interaction between IT outsourcing management and IT outsourcing. The above three are the important factors of the performance of IT outsourcing, and also have mutual influence in the internal. It is specific that the transaction contract outsourcing model has a significant positive impact on the cross payment support and monitoring and evaluation factors of the IT outsourcing management. The strategic partnership outsourcing model has a significant positive impact on the planning organization and monitoring and evaluation factors of IT outsourcing management, and the strategic partnership outsourcing model has a significant positive impact on the IT outsourcing relationship; IT outsourcing management has a significant positive impact on the IT outsourcing relationship.
(4) the model construction and empirical analysis of the factors affecting the performance of IT outsourcing are carried out. Based on the organizational control theory and the IT governance theory, this study combines the Jae-Nam Lee (2008), Arun Rai and so on (2009) and Du Rong (2012) to construct the influence factors model of the performance of the IT outsourcing performance, and builds the research on the refinement and improvement of the applicability analysis of the banking industry. Empirical research shows that, first, IT outsourcing model has a correlation with IT outsourcing performance, and IT outsourcing model affects the performance of IT outsourcing through the impact of IT outsourcing management and IT outsourcing, and second, both the IT outsourcing management and IT outsourcing relationship will have a positive impact on the performance of IT outsourcing, but the IT outsourcing relationship is produced. Third, IT outsourcing management not only has a positive impact on the IT outsourcing relationship, but also affects the performance of IT outsourcing through the interaction with IT outsourcing relationship. This requires that when commercial banks adopt the transaction contract outsourcing model, we should pay more attention to the two dimensions of the cross payment support and monitoring and evaluation to strengthen the IT outside. The management and control of the package promotes the improvement of the IT outsourcing economic performance. When the commercial banks adopt the strategic partnership outsourcing model, we should pay more attention to the management and control of the IT outsourcing from the two dimensions of the planned organization and monitoring and evaluation, thus promoting the effective improvement of the IT outsourcing strategy performance.
On the basis of the existing research results, this research focuses on the factors affecting the performance of IT outsourcing, and through the empirical analysis of commercial banks' research data, focuses on the outsourcing model, outsourcing management and outsourcing relationship to the performance. From the perspective of organizational management and control, this research is on the IT outsourcing management. In depth analysis, this paper analyzes the different needs and effects of IT outsourcing management under different outsourcing models. At the same time, this study combines outsourcing and organizational control theory to make an in-depth analysis. On the one hand, it makes important supplement to the study of outsourcing theory, on the other hand, it has further expanded and enriched the organizational control theory. For commercial bank IT management and IT outsourcing implementation work, this research also has important practical guidance value. The research results help commercial banks to select reasonable IT outsourcing model according to their own needs and positioning, through the implementation of targeted management enhancement through the outsourcing process and outsourcing. Effective promotion of IT outsourcing performance.

【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.2

【参考文献】