农户土地使用权抵押意愿与模式优化

发布时间：2018-05-17 23:22

本文选题：土地使用权 + 影响因素　；参考：《中国农业大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：本研究基于产权理论和担保理论,以农户为主体研究对象,对农户土地抵押贷款意愿和模式优化进行研究。首先,本文从农村土地抵押试点的发展现状出发,以农村实际情况分析农户土地抵押政策实施的可行性与必要性,指出农户土地抵押贷款的实施具有时代发展必然性和现实可行性。在此基础上以案例的方式分析了有代表性的农户土地抵押贷款模式,并对实验效果和模式特点进行剖析；同时对农村土地抵押试点进行综合分类并比较,找出我国农户土地抵押试点所积累的经验和存在的问题,为以后的农地抵押模式优化和对策建议奠定基础；其次,在微观层次运用计量经济学分析方法对农户的土地抵押意愿进行分析,掌握农户对农地抵押贷款业务的了解程度,了解农户贷款的需求意愿和农地抵押贷款意愿等并对其进行影响因素分析,找出影响农户不同贷款意愿的因素；再次,在原来抵押模式的基础上,找出现阶段模式中普遍存在的问题,提出模式不能-成不变,应根据农户的资产情况、贷款用途、项目盈利情况和项目资产情况设定不同的贷款模式,对土地抵押模式进行优化。最后探讨如何促进土地抵押贷款的发展,增强农户贷款可获得性,降低金融机构信贷约束提出对策建议。本文的研究的主要结论分为以下几个部分： (1)农地抵押贷款模式的开展具有时代发展必然性和现实可行性。 (2)农地抵押模式以制度创新的形式将土地承包经营权分为土地经营权和土地承包权,抵押标的物是农户土地经营权,土地承包权归不变。目前农地抵押贷款的受益对象主要是农业企业、专业合作社和农业专业户,普通农户获得土地抵押贷款较少。在实际的农地抵押贷款试点中积累了-些经验,包括降低农户失地风险的措施、降低金融机构贷款风险的经验和抵押贷款试点选择的经验。同时目前抵押贷款中存在以下问题：如农地抵押缺乏法律效力,政策的不稳定性影响当事人预期、不完善的土地流转交易平台和宅基地闲置问题等。 (3)通过对山东莱阳和安徽肥东的农户调研发现,农户对新型的土地抵押贷款和宅基地抵押贷款知之甚少,了解有限。农户对贷款模式的具体运作流程不了解,对贷款后失地风险顾虑严重。而许多成功的农地贷款模式中有很多措施来控制失地风险,农户都是不得而知。同时,由于农户的土地抵押贷款意愿偏低,主要原因是收入结构调整和高成本信贷约束。而基于农户调研的截面调研数据,使用了农户的自身特征、家庭特征和社会经济特征等变量,通过建立Logistic回归模型来分析影响农户贷款意愿、土地抵押意愿和宅基地抵押意愿的各种因素。农户贷款意愿的影响因素依次是耕地面积、年龄、是否有贷款经历、收入支出比、受教育程度、性别等；农户土地经营权抵押贷款意愿的影响因素依次是贷款经历、性别、年龄、离金融机构远近、受教育程度和是否有打工经历；农户房产抵押贷款意愿的最重要影响因素是性别、年龄、贷款经历、受教育程度和收入支出比。每个贷款意愿的主要影响因素各有不同,但是性别、年龄、贷款经历和受教育程度基本对各种贷款意愿都有显著的影响,说明了农户的自身特征对农户的贷款决定有重要影响；同时在土地贷款意愿的影响因素中是否了解新型的抵押模式对农户的贷款意愿也有重要影响,说明农户对贷款模式的了解程度直接影响农户的贷款决策。 (4)根据农户的资产情况、贷款用途、信用情况、社会资本、项目盈利情况和项目资产情况,应设定不同的贷款模式。农户土地抵押贷款优化模式包括农业增收型抵押贷款、土地收益权直接抵押贷款、闲置宅基地村集体担保模式和创业型内部项目资产抵押贷款模式。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of property right and the theory of guarantee , the paper studies the willingness and pattern of farmers ' land mortgage loan . Firstly , this paper analyzes the feasibility and necessity of rural land mortgage policy implementation from the current situation of rural land mortgage , and points out that the implementation of rural land mortgage loan has the necessity and feasibility of the times .
At the same time , the rural land mortgage pilot is comprehensively classified and compared , the experience and problems accumulated in the pilot of land mortgage in our country are found , which lays a foundation for the optimization of the future agricultural land mortgage model and the countermeasures .
Secondly , at the micro level , using the econometrics analysis method to analyze the land mortgage intentions of the farmers , master the degree of the farmer ' s understanding of the agricultural land mortgage business , understand the demand intention of the farmer ' s loan and the willingness of the agricultural land mortgage loan , etc . , and analyze the influencing factors to find out the factors that affect the willingness of the farmers to different loans ;
Thirdly , on the basis of the original mortgage model , find out the common problems in the current mode , put forward the model cannot be changed , and optimize the land mortgage model according to the assets of the farmer , the use of the loan , the profit of the project and the condition of the project assets . Finally , the author discusses how to promote the development of the land mortgage loan , enhance the availability of the farmers ' loan and reduce the credit constraint of the financial institution . The main conclusions of this paper are as follows :

( 1 ) The development of agricultural land mortgage loan model has the necessity and feasibility of the times .

( 2 ) The land contract management right is divided into the land management right and the land contract right in the form of system innovation , the mortgage object is the land management right of the farmer and the right of land contracting is the same . At present , the benefit object of the agricultural land mortgage loan is mainly the agricultural enterprise , the professional cooperative and the agricultural professional , and the ordinary farmer obtains less land mortgage loan .

There are some experiences in the pilot of the real agricultural land mortgage loan , including the measures to reduce the risk of farmer ' s loss of land , the experience of reducing the loan risk of financial institution and the experience of the pilot selection of mortgage loan . At the same time , there are the following problems in the current mortgage loan : such as the lack of legal effect of the agricultural land mortgage , the instability of the policy influence the expectation of the parties , the imperfect land transfer trading platform and the idle problem of the house .

( 3 ) Through the investigation of peasant households in Laiyang and Anhui Province in Shandong Province , the farmers have little knowledge about the new land mortgage loan and the house mortgage loan .
The factors influencing the willingness of farmers ' land management right to mortgage loan are loan experience , sex , age , distance from financial institutions , degree of education and whether there is working experience .
The most important factors influencing the willingness of farmers ' real estate mortgage loan are gender , age , loan experience , education level and income - to - expenditure ratio . The main influencing factors of the willingness of each loan are different , but the gender , age , loan experience and degree of education basically have significant influence on the willingness of various kinds of loans , which explains the important influence of the farmer ' s own characteristics on the loan decision of the farmer ;
At the same time , it is also important to know whether the new type of mortgage model has an important influence on the loan intentions of the farmers in the influencing factors of the willingness of the land loan , so that the degree of the farmer ' s understanding of the loan pattern directly affects the loan decision of the farmer .

( 4 ) Different loan modes should be set according to the assets of the farmer , the credit situation , social capital , project profitability and project assets . The optimization model of the farmer ' s land mortgage loan includes the agricultural income - increasing type mortgage loan , the direct mortgage loan of the land usufruct , the collective security mode of the idle house village and the enterprise - type internal project assets mortgage loan mode .
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F321.1;F832.43

【参考文献】