民间资本进入地方金融领域的制度变迁与发展模式研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 04:12

本文选题：民间资本 + 制度演进　；参考：《中共浙江省委党校》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：多年来，融资难一直制约着中小企业和“三农”的发展，同时民间资本投资难的问题也非常突出。解决“两多两难”(中小企业多、融资难，民间资本多、投资难)的关键是要建立民间资本与中小企业的契合机制，即允许民间资本通过进入金融领域向中小企业和农户提供资金支持。这样不仅能够为中小企业和农户缓解融资难困境，还能拓宽民间资本的投资渠道，解决投资难的问题。如何促使民间资本以更好、更有效的方式进入地方金融领域，如何实现以民间资本为主体组建的新型金融组织的可持续发展，是一个亟需深入研究的重要课题。本文运用现代经济学、金融学和新制度经济学的理论和方法，对民间资本进入金融领域的制度变迁和发展模式进行了较为深入的探讨。首先，本文运用制度变迁理论和制度供需理论对民间资本进入地方金融领域的制度演进进行了分析，分别论述了中央政府为主体的强制性制度变迁、以地方政府为主导的中间扩散性制度变迁、以大企业为主导的资本需求型诱致性制度变迁、以中小企业为主导的资本需求型诱致性制度变迁和以民间资本为主的资本供给型诱致性制度深化等五个演进阶段。其次，本文对完善民间资本进入地方金融领域的模式进行了研究。本文将小额贷款公司、村镇银行、农村资金互助社、民间借贷服务中心及其中介机构等多种新型金融组织作为主要研究对象，发现现有发展模式存在以下弊端：新型金融组织建设经验不足，政策选择有限且不符合长足发展；缺乏对新型金融机构的政策优惠，新型金融机构在向中小企业服务的过程中存在规模歧视；新型金融机构在内部管理和经营模式上存在低效率现象，影响其未来发展。要想实现民间资本有效的进入金融领域以及新型金融组织的长足发展，必须促使新型金融组织完善现有模式并向民营银行模式靠拢，明晰的产权模式、有效的经营管理模式、完善的风险管控模式是完善其发展模式的核心。再次，本文对民间资本进入金融领域的发展模式进行了案例分析。通过鄞州农信社向合作银行转制的案例剖析，本文认为转制后吸引民间资本进入的发展模式为新型金融组织的转型提供了可资借鉴的经验。本文以富平小额贷款公司为例，证明一些新型农村金融组织已经具备向民营银行转制的条件和资质，但还存在身份界定难和社会公信力不足等问题。温州民间借贷服务中心以及诸如人人贷等中介机构的兴起为民间资本提供了增值平台，有望探索出一条民间借贷阳光化和规范化的新路径。最后，本文对全文进行总结，提出了以下促进民间资本进入金融领域发展的对策建议：进一步降低民间资本的准入门槛；放宽市场利率，为其提供更多的政策优惠；加大对新型金融组织的宣传，提高公众对其认可度和信任度；降低对新型金融组织的限制，增大其发言权；加大对中小企业的支持力度，减少其贷款依赖；健全相关金融法律法规，，明确地方金融监管主体。
[Abstract]:For many years , the financing difficulty has been restricted to the development of small and medium - sized enterprises and " three peasants " . The key to solve the problem of " two more difficult " ( multi - medium and small - sized enterprises , financing difficulties , multi - private capital and difficult investment ) is to establish the cooperation mechanism between the private capital and the small and medium - sized enterprises , which can not only alleviate the dilemma of financing difficult for the small and medium - sized enterprises and farmers , but also widen the investment channels of the private capital and solve the problem of the difficulty of investment .

Based on the theories and methods of modern economics , finance and new institutional economics , this paper analyzes the institutional change and development pattern of private capital entering the financial field . Firstly , this paper analyzes the institutional evolution of private capital entering the area of finance by using the theory of institutional change and the theory of system supply and demand .

Secondly , this paper studies the mode of perfecting the private capital into the local finance field . This paper presents several new financial organizations , such as the small loan company , the village bank , the rural fund mutual aid agency , the civil loan service center and the intermediary institution , as the main research object , and finds that the existing development mode has the following disadvantages : the new financial organization has insufficient experience , the policy choice is limited and does not accord with the long - term development ;
( b ) Lack of policy incentives for new financial institutions , and new financial institutions have a scale of discrimination in the process of providing services to SMEs ;
The new type of financial institution has low efficiency phenomenon in the internal management and operation mode and affects its future development . To realize the effective access of private capital into the financial field and the long - term development of the new financial organization , it is necessary to promote the new financial organization to perfect the existing model and close the private banking model , the clear property right model , the effective management mode and the perfect risk control mode are the core of improving its development mode .

Thirdly , this paper analyzes the development model of private capital entering the financial field . Through the case analysis of Yinzhou Agricultural Credit Cooperative to the cooperative bank , this paper argues that the development model of attracting private capital after the transformation provides the reference experience for the transformation of the new financial organization .

Finally , this paper summarizes the whole text , puts forward the following countermeasures to promote the development of folk capital into the financial sector : further reduce the access threshold of private capital ;
liberalise market interest rates and provide them with more policy concessions ;
Increase public awareness of new financial organizations and raise public awareness and trust ;
Reducing restrictions on new financial organizations and increasing their voice ;
Increase support to small and medium - sized enterprises and reduce their loan dependencies ;
Sound relevant financial laws and regulations , and make clear the main body of local financial supervision .
【学位授予单位】：中共浙江省委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.5

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