基于模糊DEA法的科技型中小企业信用评价体系研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 03:04

本文选题：科技型中小企业 + 信用评价　；参考：《贵州财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：对于推动科技自主创新、促进经济持续增长、提供更多就业岗位和维护社会稳定发展等方面，科技型中小企业的作用日益明显。然而科技型中小企业由于普遍存在较高的技术风险、市场风险和管理风险，加之其资产总量普遍不大，又大多以无形资产为主，而可供抵押的有形资产少，在商业银行等金融机构现行的适用大型企业的信用评价体系下得到的信用等级低，在金融机构基于安全性的经营原则下难以获得信贷，这导致科技型中小企业普遍存在融资难的问题。反之，现阶段商业银行等金融机构对大型企业的金融业务已成“红海”市场，效益增长有限，加杠杆也没有空间，相对于科技型中小企业金融业务这片“蓝海”市场，商业银行等金融机构有意拓展科技型中小企业金融业务，以优化信贷结构、增加盈利能力。两者之间存在一个契合点，这个契合点就是建立针对性的科技型中小企业信用评价体系，以解决科技型中小企业与商业银行等金融机构之间形成的上述问题，达到共赢。于是，本文在综述国内外相关中小企业信用评价研究文献的基础上，遵循企业信用评价基本理论，深入分析和刻画了我国科技型中小企业的一般特征和信用特征，并结合我国国情和科技型中小企业的特征，首先运用因子分析法构建了一套更具针对性的科技型中小企业信用评价指标体系；然后探索和应用了一种系统综合方法——模糊DEA法对科技型中小企业进行信用评价，初步建立起了一套比较完备的科技型中小企业信用评价体系；随后在深圳证券交易所的中小企业板块选取了38家科技型中小企业作为样本，对本文构建的科技型中小企业信用评价体系进行实证分析，并根据实证的结果，对体系回补了信用等级评定过程；最后得出了本文建立的科技型中小企业信用评级体系具有较强的操作性、适用性和可靠性的结论。本文针对以上研究内容，紧密围绕着科技型中小企业信用评价问题，运用文献检索与实地调研相结合、定量分析与定性分析相结合、理论研究与实证分析相结合的方法，，共分七章展开了论述，形成了一套较完备的科技型中小企业信用评价体系。并最终在两个方面形成了创新，第一，本文首次把模糊DEA方法应用于对科技型中小企业进行信用评价，提高了信用评价结果的客观性和准确性；并通过MATLAB编程，使得运用模糊DEA法对科技型中小企业进行信用评价变得更简便易行；第二，本文构建的科技型中小企业信用评价指标体系中引入了RD投入强度和企业所处生命周期阶段两个反映企业动态变化的指标，体现了金融机构在对企业进行信用评价时需关注企业动态变化的思想。
[Abstract]:For promoting independent innovation in science and technology, promoting sustained economic growth, providing more jobs and maintaining social stability and development, the role of small and medium-sized technology-based enterprises is becoming increasingly obvious. However, due to the high technical risk, market risk and management risk, the total amount of their assets is generally small, and most of them are mainly intangible assets, but the tangible assets that can be mortgaged are few. The credit rating obtained under the current credit evaluation system applicable to large enterprises in commercial banks and other financial institutions is low, and it is difficult to obtain credit under the principle of safe operation of financial institutions. This leads to the problem of difficult financing for small and medium-sized S & T enterprises. On the contrary, at this stage, the financial business of commercial banks and other financial institutions to large enterprises has become the "Red Sea" market, with limited growth in efficiency and no room for leverage, in contrast to the "blue sea" market for the financial services of small and medium-sized technology-based enterprises. Commercial banks and other financial institutions intend to expand the financial business of small and medium-sized technological enterprises in order to optimize the credit structure and increase profitability. There is a point of convergence between the two, which is to establish a targeted credit evaluation system for small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises, in order to solve the above problems between the high-tech SMEs and commercial banks and other financial institutions, so as to achieve a win-win situation. Therefore, on the basis of summarizing the domestic and foreign literatures on credit evaluation of small and medium-sized enterprises at home and abroad, and following the basic theory of enterprise credit evaluation, this paper deeply analyzes and depicts the general characteristics and credit characteristics of science and technology SMEs in China. According to the national conditions of our country and the characteristics of science and technology small and medium-sized enterprises, a set of more targeted credit evaluation index system of science and technology small and medium-sized enterprises is constructed by using factor analysis method. Then it explores and applies a systematic comprehensive method-fuzzy DEA method to evaluate the credit of small and medium-sized sci-tech enterprises, and establishes a set of relatively complete credit evaluation system for sci-tech SMEs. Then, 38 science and technology SMEs are selected as samples in Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The credit evaluation system of this paper is empirically analyzed, and according to the empirical results, Finally, the credit rating system established in this paper has strong operability, applicability and reliability. In view of the above research contents, this paper closely revolves around the question of credit evaluation of science and technology small and medium-sized enterprises, using the methods of combining literature retrieval and field investigation, combining quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis, combining theoretical research with empirical analysis. It is divided into seven chapters, forming a set of relatively complete credit evaluation system for small and medium-sized S & T enterprises. Finally, two aspects of innovation have been formed. First, the fuzzy DEA method is applied to the credit evaluation of small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises for the first time, which improves the objectivity and accuracy of the credit evaluation results, and is programmed by MATLAB. Make it easier to use fuzzy DEA method to evaluate the credit of small and medium-sized technological enterprises. Second, In the credit evaluation index system of science and technology small and medium-sized enterprises, this paper introduces the R D input intensity and the life cycle stage of the enterprise to reflect the dynamic change of the enterprise. It reflects the idea that financial institutions should pay attention to the dynamic changes of enterprises when evaluating the credit of enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：贵州财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F276.44;F832.4

【参考文献】