美国吸收FDI投资环境研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 18:59

本文选题：外商直接投资(FDI) + 投资环境　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着经济全球化的进一步发展,全球对外直接投资也得到了迅猛发展。美国作为世界上吸收FDI的大国,发展至今仍是其他发展中国家和发达国家直接投资的首选东道国,同时美国也是中国目前对外直接投资额最大、中国企业数分布最多的国家(排在美国之前的中国直接投资最多的地区为香港和开曼群岛)。因而深入分析美国的投资环境,不仅对各国改善本国的投资环境,加快本国吸收FDI的步伐有积极意义,也是保证中国在美国的直接投资良性发展的现实要求。虽然近年来有关投资环境的研究逐渐增多,各国学者分别从不同主体、不同角度采用不同方法对投资环境进行研究,成果丰富。然而以美国为主体进行的投资环境研究成果尚不多见。基于此,本文以美国吸收FDI投资环境研究为研究主题,从定性和定量两个方面,多角度、多层次地评价了美国的投资环境。本研究一方面有助于充实投资环境理论及评价方法,另一方面以期为中国对美直接投资提供富有启示性的指导建议。本文以投资环境的区位理论、国际生产折衷理论和门槛理论为基础,阐述了美国吸收FDI历史,根据世界银行和全球城市竞争力报告收集到的数据,建立了投资环境指标评价体系；使用Critic方法从美国整体角度和城市角度对其投资环境进行了定量评价；同时定性评价了美国典型州的投资环境。运用时空分析方法分别从国家层面、州层面、城市层面分析了中国对美国直接投资情况,得出了美国投资环境与中国对美国直接投资空间分布的耦合关系,即投资环境越好的地区,中国投资企业数越多。同时对美国投资环境的研究,也是为了吸取经验,使中国有针对性地在投资环境的改善方面做出努力,以期更好地吸引FDI,因此本文最后借鉴国别投资环境评价结果从政治因素、经济因素、政策环境、基础设施等方面提出了改善中国投资环境的建议。本文的研究结论主要有： (1)美国投资环境研究在国家层面,本文选取了美国、中国、日本、英国、法国、俄罗斯、巴西、南非、德国、印度十个代表性国家,通过建立指标评价体系,运用Critic方法将十国的投资环境进行客观对比,得出美国在整体投资环境上明显优于其他国家,然而在具体因素方面美国在政策环境方面排名较靠后。与美国相比,中国在整体投资环境上次于美国两位,但在具体因素方面,政治因素、基础设施及政策环境三因素均排名靠后。在州层面,本文选取了纽约州、密歇根州、佐治亚州、加利福尼亚州、俄克拉荷马州五个代表性州分别从自然环境、经济因素、交通及文化、投资政策四方面对投资环境进行定性评价,得出加利福尼亚州在各方面均优于其他州的结论。在城市层面,本文选取了纽约、芝加哥、旧金山、洛杉矶、亚特兰大、凤凰城、圣路易斯七个代表性城市,建立指标评价体系,运用Critic方法分别从政治因素、经济因素、基础设施、生活质量及区位因素五方面对其进行客观评价。得出纽约在投资环境综合得分上明显优于其他城市,在具体因素上纽约在基础设施及生活质量方面均排名第一,而在政治因素及经济因素方面稍落后于旧金山。 (2)中国对美国直接投资研究本文分别从国家、州、城市三个层面对中国对美国直接投资特征进行研究。中国对美国直接投资从总量上看处在波动性上升的过程中。从投资行业上看以能源行业投资为主。从投资方式上看以绿地投资为主,收购为辅。从投资主体上看以民营企业为主,国营企业为辅。中国对美国各州投资情况从总体上看主要集中于美国西部太平洋沿岸、南部沿海及五大湖附近,具体为加利福尼亚州、德克萨斯州、密歇根州、纽约州、伊利诺斯州。从投资主体上看大多数以民营企业为主,甚至某些州的中国企业完全为民营企业。从投资方式上看多数以绿地投资为主,但也不乏以并购投资为主的州。从投资行业上看各州投资行业均种类多样,无明显单一性。中国对美国各城市投资情况从总量上看洛杉矶与纽约投资数量较多,从投资行业上看整体上以能源和通信行业为主。
[Abstract]:With the further development of economic globalization, global direct investment has also developed rapidly. As a big country absorbing FDI in the world, the development of the United States is still the preferred host country for direct investment in other developing countries and developed countries. At the same time, the United States is China's largest foreign direct investment, and the number of Chinese enterprises is the most distributed. Many countries (the largest areas of direct investment in China before the United States are Hongkong and the Cayman Islands). Therefore, it is of positive significance not only to improve the investment environment of the country, but also to accelerate the pace of the national absorption of FDI, but also a realistic requirement to ensure the benign development of China's direct investment in the United States. In recent years, the research on investment environment has increased gradually. Scholars in different countries have studied the investment environment from different subjects and different angles. However, the research results of investment environment in the United States are still few. Based on this, this paper takes the study of FDI investment environment in the United States as the research topic, and it is determined to be the subject of the study. Two aspects of sex and quantification, multi angle, multi-level evaluation of the investment environment in the United States. On the one hand, this study helps to enrich the investment environment theory and evaluation methods, on the other hand, it is expected to provide enlightening guidance for China's direct investment in the United States.
Based on the location theory of investment environment, International Production Compromise Theory and threshold theory, this paper expounds the absorption of FDI history in the United States. According to the data collected by the world bank and the global city competitiveness report, the investment environment index evaluation system is set up, and the investment environment of the United States and the city angle is used by the Critic method. The quantitative evaluation is carried out, and the investment environment in the typical states of the United States is qualitatively evaluated. The direct investment situation of China to the United States is analyzed from the state level, the state level and the city level by the time and space analysis method, and the coupling relationship between the American investment environment and the US direct investment space distribution in the United States is obtained, that is, the better the investment environment is. There are more investment enterprises in China. At the same time, the research on the investment environment in the United States is also to draw lessons from the experience, so that China will make efforts to improve the investment environment in order to attract FDI better, so this article finally draws on the results of the country investment environment from the political factors, economic factors, policy environment, infrastructure and so on. Suggestions are put forward to improve the investment environment in China.
The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:
(1) research on the investment environment in the United States
At the national level, this paper selects ten representative countries of the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, Brazil, South Africa, Germany and India. Through the establishment of the index evaluation system, the investment environment of the ten countries is objectively contrasted by the Critic method, and the United States is obviously superior to other countries in the overall investment environment. However, the specific factors are in specific factors. Compared with the United States, China has the two largest investment environment in the United States, but in specific factors, political factors, infrastructure and policy environment, three factors are behind the rankings.
At the state level, five representative states of New York, Michigan, Georgia, California, Oklahoma, and Oklahoma State respectively from the natural environment, economic factors, transportation and culture, and investment policies to make qualitative evaluation on the investment environment. It is concluded that California is better than other states in all aspects.
In the city level, this paper selects seven representative cities of New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Losangeles, Atlanta, Fenghuang and Saint Louis, and establishes an index evaluation system. It uses the Critic method to evaluate it objectively from five aspects of political factors, economic factors, infrastructure, life quality and location factors. The overall environmental score is obviously superior to other cities. In specific factors, New York ranks first in infrastructure and quality of life, while in political and economic factors it is slightly behind San Francisco.
(2) the study of China's direct investment in the United States
This paper studies the characteristics of China's direct investment in the United States from three levels: state, state and city.
China's direct investment in the United States is in the process of rising volatility. From the investment industry, it is mainly invested in the energy industry. From the way of investment, green investment is the main part, and the purchase is supplemented. From the investment subject, the private enterprises are mainly private enterprises and the state-owned enterprises are supplemented.
In general, China's investment in American States is mainly concentrated on the Western Pacific coast, the southern coast and the five Great Lakes, specifically California, Texas, Michigan, New York, and Illinois. Most of them are mainly civilian enterprises from the investment subject, and even the Chinese enterprises in some states are completely people. From the way of investment, most of them are mainly green land investment, but there are no lack of state with M & A investment. From the investment industry, there are various types of investment industries in all States, and there is no obvious singleness.
China's investment in the cities of the United States shows that Losangeles and New York have a large investment volume. From the perspective of investment industry, the energy and communication industries are the main ones.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F837.12

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