美国社区银行经验与中国发展路径探讨

发布时间：2018-10-12 18:23

【摘要】：十八届三中全会发布《全面深化改革若干问题的决定》明确提出发展普惠金融，国内各商业银行也探索建立社区银行的路径以实现差异化经营；随着中国银监会的《关于中小商业银行设立社区支行、小微支行有关事项的通知》文件的出台，标志着规范发展我国社区银行的工作正式启动，探究中国社区银行发展路径具有理论意义和实践价值。社区银行是通过关系型贷款为当地的小微企业、农业和社区居民提供综合金融服务的法人或者非法人的具有一定服务特色的商业银行组织机构。本文在对国内外有关“社区银行”的研究和文献进行归纳和分析的基础上，界定“社区银行”基本含义和一般经营特点；以关系型借贷理论为基础，通过美国社区银行的数据进行实证分析，进一步论社区银行对小微企业的作用；在借鉴美国社区银行发展经验和分析美国富国银行（社区银行典型案例）的基础上，探讨中国社区银行与小微企业的关系。本文采用比较分析与实证分析相结合的研究方法，在归纳社区银行与大型商业银行在组织结构、市场定位、经营模式等方面有着明显的区别的同时，探讨中国发展社区银行的路径选择。本文认为：（1）社区银行在开展小微企业贷款业务时与大型商业银行相比较，具有成本较低的比较优势，未来我国金融格局可以逐渐发展为大型商业银行专门为大公司提供贷款，小型社区银行专门提供小企业贷款，可以降低全社会总体的融资成本；（2）社区银行与小微企业之间存在良性的互利共赢关系，我国社区银行应在营销模式、产品创新、技术创新与客户保持良好沟通等方面开展自己特殊业务；（3）增量还是存量发展是我国社区银行的路径选择的问题，目前还在探路和摸索阶段，各有其优劣，，相比较而言，城商行改造是比较好的途径；（4）针对我国社区银行监管，一方面以完善存款保险制度和防范社区银行经营风险的为基础，另一方面还可以借鉴发达国家做法完善相应法规和建立社区银行的行业自律组织。
[Abstract]:The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee issued the decision on deepening the Reform in an All-round way, which clearly proposed the development of inclusive finance, and domestic commercial banks also explored the path of establishing community banks in order to realize differentiated management. With the issuance of the CBRC's notice on the Establishment of Community Sub-branches and small Sub-branches of small and Medium-sized Commercial Banks, which marks the official start of the work of standardizing the development of community banks in China, Exploring the development path of Chinese community bank has theoretical significance and practical value. Community bank is a kind of commercial bank organization with certain service characteristics which provides comprehensive financial services to local small and micro enterprises, agriculture and community residents through relational loans. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing the research and literature about "community bank" at home and abroad, this paper defines the basic meaning and general operating characteristics of "community bank", based on the theory of relational lending. Based on the empirical analysis of the data of American community banks, this paper further discusses the role of community banks in small and micro enterprises, on the basis of drawing lessons from the development experience of American community banks and analyzing American Wells Fargo Bank (typical cases of community banks). This paper discusses the relationship between Chinese community banks and small and micro enterprises. In this paper, the comparative analysis and empirical analysis are used to summarize the differences between community banks and large commercial banks in organizational structure, market positioning, business model, and so on. Discuss the path choice of developing community bank in China. This paper holds that: (1) compared with large commercial banks, community banks have the advantages of low cost when they develop small and micro enterprise loan business. In the future, the financial structure of our country can be gradually developed into large commercial banks to provide loans for large companies. Small community banks provide loans to small enterprises, which can reduce the overall financing cost of the whole society. (2) there is a benign win-win relationship between community banks and small and micro enterprises. (3) incremental or stock development is the problem of the path choice of community banks in our country. At present, it is still in the stage of exploring and groping, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. (4) in view of the supervision of community banks in China, on the one hand, it is based on perfecting the deposit insurance system and preventing the management risks of the community banks. On the other hand, we can learn from the practices of developed countries to perfect the relevant laws and regulations and establish the industry self-discipline organization of community banks.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.3;F837.12

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