11～18世纪中国的货币与货币政策

发布时间：2019-04-19 13:02

【摘要】：宋代铜钱铸行陷入危机,宋元时期官方和民间分别通过发楮印钞、使用白银、短陌支付等方式应对铜钱危机。由于纸币信用崩溃,白银在宋代与纸币发生联系,入元后广泛用于价值贮藏和计价,明朝顺应市场发展,改用白银作为财政收入的计量标准。明中叶国内市场快速发展,产生了巨大的货币需求。在官方发行的纸币贬值、铸行制钱得不偿费的情况下,民间市场的白银流通和私钱盛行,适应并支持了市场的发展。中国历史上官方垄断货币发行并通过货币发行驾驭市场的传统货币政策终结,国内市场的发展及其特性,决定着宋元明清时期货币制度的发展和变化。明中叶白银广泛使用,是晚明美洲白银大量输入的前提而非结果。海外白银输入对明清市场发展起到了重要促进作用,但对明清货币流通格局的影响及其所体现的中国与世界经济的互动,不宜高估。
[Abstract]:In Song Dynasty, copper money casting banks were in crisis. In Song and Yuan dynasties, the government and the folk dealt with the crisis of copper money by issuing banknotes, using silver, paying for money in short distance, and so on. Due to the credit collapse of paper money, silver was connected with paper money in Song Dynasty, and was widely used for value storage and valuation after entering Yuan Dynasty. In accordance with the development of market in Ming Dynasty, silver was used as the measurement standard of fiscal revenue. The rapid development of the domestic market in the middle of Ming Dynasty produced a huge demand for money. In the case of the devaluation of the official paper money and the overpayment of the money made by the foundry banks, the silver circulation and the private money in the private market are prevailing, which adapts and supports the development of the market. The development and characteristics of domestic market determined the development and change of monetary system in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. Silver was widely used in the middle of Ming Dynasty, which was the premise rather than the result of a large amount of silver input in America in the late Ming Dynasty. The import of overseas silver played an important role in promoting the development of the Ming and Qing dynasties, but the influence on the circulation pattern of money and the interaction between China and the world economy in Ming and Qing dynasties should not be overestimated.
【作者单位】：美国加利弗尼亚州立大学洛杉矶分校;云南省社会科学院;
【分类号】：F822.9

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