黑龙江省小额贷款公司服务“三农”研究

发布时间：2019-05-22 20:21

【摘要】：20世纪90年代,我国从孟加拉国引入了小额信贷,开始进行一系列尝试来发展农村金融以造福农村和贫困人口。然后,由于金融环境多变,我国推行的农村金融体制改革由于范围和力度等方面原因取得的效果甚微。面对农民金融需求进一步扩大,城乡二元化进一步拉大,农民收入增加缓慢等等窘境,2008年,我国开始在全国5个省范围内建立试点小额贷款公司,公司成立主要目的是为了配合中央解决“三农”和中小企业融资困难的问题,满足各类群体的金融需求。小额贷款公司的成立不仅满足了农牧民多元化的贷款需求,加快了农村经济发展,同时也增加中小企业融资途径,规范和引导民间资本,支持农户自主创业。我国自2005年末就开始在全国范围内成立试点公司,根据2013年最新数据,第四季度末期我国成立的小额贷款公司机构数量达到7839家,业内人员达到9.5万人,贷款总额8191亿元,全年新增贷款2268亿元,小额贷款公司在中国的发展巳经形成初级规模。在这种形势下,2008年12月黑龙江省就在全省范围内开展了小额贷款公司试点工作,并在接下来几年呈现出蓬勃发展态势。小额贷款公司作为农村金融体系新型小额信贷组织,在一定程度上解决了农户融资困难,满足了微小企业贷款需求扩大的现状,使得农户和微小企业贷款选择的空间增大,是黑龙江省农村金融市场的有益补充。但与此同时,金融危机以来,在黑龙江省作为新兴事物的小额贷款公司在服务“三农”时也存在着诸多制约其发展的问题。这些问题主要包括为身份定位模糊导致服务“三农”效果有限、农户贷款的后续资金缺乏、农户贷款过程中外部监管缺失、“三农”信贷产品业务结构单一等。因此,为了更好的促进黑龙江省小额贷款公司服务于“三农”和中小企业,研究其过程中存在问题就显得尤为重要了。基于上述存在问题,本文以解决黑龙江省小额贷款公司在服务“三农”中存在的问题为主,首先通过对国内外小额贷款相关文献进行梳理,阐述了小额贷款公司的相关概念和理论。其次对黑龙江小额贷款公司的发展情况作出分析,包括它的机构设立,贷款情况和资金质量等,而后重点对黑龙江省小额贷款公司服务“三农”现状进行分析,最后根据黑龙江省小额贷款公司服务“三农”存在的问题,提出切实有效的对策建议：具体为从宏观角度完善小额贷款公司服务“三农”的外部环境,包括完善服务“三农”贷款的相关法律政策,放宽税收政策和加大政府支持“三农”力度,多渠道破解“三农”融资难题等；其次是加强小额贷款公司服务“三农”的自身建设,包括完善农村小额信贷风险控制体系,健全公司内部治理结构,加快服务于“三农”专业人才的培养等等。希望这些对策和建议,能够促进黑龙江小额贷款公司更好服务“三农”,为建立多层级的黑龙江农村金融提供参考。
[Abstract]:In the 1990s, China introduced micro-credit from Bangladesh and started a series of attempts to develop rural finance for the benefit of rural and poor people. Then, due to the changing financial environment, the reform of the rural financial system in China has little effect on the scope and strength of the reform. in that face of the further expansion of the farmer's financial demand, the further widening of the dualization of the urban and rural areas, the slow increase of the income of farmers, and the like, in 2008, China began to establish a pilot micro-loan company within 5 provinces of the country, The main purpose of the company is to meet the financial needs of various groups in order to cooperate with the central government to address the problems of "rural and rural areas" and small and medium-sized enterprises. The establishment of the small-loan company not only meets the diversified loan demand of the farmers and herdsmen, has accelerated the development of the rural economy, but also increases the financing way of the small and medium-sized enterprises, regulates and guides the folk capital, and supports the self-entrepreneurship of the farmers. Since the end of 2005, the country started to set up a pilot company nationwide, according to the latest data in 2013, the number of small-loan company established in China at the end of the fourth quarter reached 7839, the industry's personnel reached 9.5 million, the total loan amount was RMB 81.191 billion, and the total loan for the whole year was RMB 226.8 billion. Yuan, the development of micro-loan company in China has been formed into the primary rules In this situation, in December 2008, Heilongjiang province carried out the pilot work of the small-loan company in the whole province, and in the next few years, it showed a vigorous development. As a new type of micro-credit organization in the rural financial system, the small-loan company has solved the financing difficulties of the farmers to a certain extent, and satisfied the current situation of the expansion of the loan demand of the small enterprises, so that the space for the loan selection of the farmers and the micro-enterprises is increased. Large, it is the beneficial complement of the rural financial market in Heilongjiang Province At the same time, at the same time, since the financial crisis, the small-loan company, which is an emerging thing in Heilongjiang province, has a lot of questions to restrict its development in the service "rural and rural areas" The problems mainly include the limited effect of the service "rural and rural areas", the lack of the follow-up funds of the farmer's loan, the absence of external supervision in the process of the farmer's loan, and the single business structure of the "rural and rural areas" credit product. Therefore, in order to promote the service of the small-loan company in Heilongjiang Province in the "rural and rural areas" and the small and medium-sized enterprises, it is very important to study the problems in the process This paper is based on the above-mentioned problems, in order to solve the problems existing in the service "rural and rural areas" of the small-loan company in Heilongjiang Province, and firstly, through the analysis of the domestic and foreign micro-credit related documents, the relevant concepts of the micro-loan company are described. The second is to make an analysis of the development of the small-loan company in Heilongjiang, including its establishment, loan and capital quality, and then focus on the current situation of the service "rural and rural areas" of the small-loan company in Heilongjiang Province. In the end, according to the problems existing in the service "rural and rural areas" of the small-loan company in Heilongjiang Province, the author puts forward the effective countermeasures: to perfect the external environment of the service "rural and rural areas" of the small-loan company from the macro point of view, including the related method to improve the service "rural and rural areas" loan The law policy, the relaxation of the tax policy and the increase of the government's support to the "rural and rural areas", the multi-channel cracking of the "rural and rural areas" financing challenges and the like; the second is to strengthen the self-construction of the small-loan company's service "rural and rural areas", including the improvement of the rural micro credit risk control system and the improvement of the internal management of the company structure and speed up the service of the service in the "rural and rural areas" of professional talents It is hoped that these measures and suggestions can promote the better service "rural and rural areas" of the Heilongjiang Microfinance Company, and to build a multi-level Heilongjiang rural financial system
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.39

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