西部贫困农村经济机会、关系型融资与农贷配给——基于对陕西、青海1138户调查数据

发布时间：2019-06-27 14:26

【摘要】：依据在陕西、青海农村调研数据做实证观察,发现农村金融机构过高估计农村金融风险,对农村潜在经济机会估计不足。关系型融资在民间借贷与正规金融借贷中产生完全不同的效果,在前者降低了信贷风险,在后者却成为寻求金融租金的温床,本质差异在于两种金融机构的产权属性与激励兼容不同。与正规金融关系型融资联系,农村金融存在逆向选择问题,即贷款投放对象向有实力的基层干部或者农村富裕户集中,结果产生马太效应和加剧农村贫富两极分化。农贷市场中赖账者未必是真正的贫困农户,乡村干部置身其中搭便车、寻租责不可免。农户作为原生态信用载体是农村金融改革发展的重要社会基础,但是需要重新构造农村金融机构体系和金融市场从而形成农村信贷活动的"信誉触发机制",在西部农村地区亟须果断地放开民间组建金融机构,政府职责是因地制宜制定与执行规则。
[Abstract]:Based on the rural research data in Shaanxi and Qinghai, it is found that the rural financial institutions overestimate the rural financial risks and underestimate the potential economic opportunities in rural areas. Relational financing has a completely different effect in private lending and formal financial lending, in which the former reduces the credit risk, while in the latter it becomes a hotbed for seeking financial rent. the essential difference lies in the compatibility of property rights and incentives between the two financial institutions. In connection with formal financial relational financing, there is a problem of adverse selection in rural finance, that is, the target of loan delivery is concentrated with powerful grass-roots cadres or rural rich households, resulting in Matthew effect and aggravating the polarization between rich and poor in rural areas. The borrower in the agricultural loan market is not necessarily the real poor peasant household, and the rural cadres hitchhike in it, and the responsibility of rent-seeking is inevitable. As the carrier of original ecological credit, farmers are an important social basis for the reform and development of rural finance, but it is necessary to reconstruct the rural financial institution system and financial market to form the "credit trigger mechanism" of rural credit activities. In the western rural areas, it is urgent to liberalize the private sector to set up financial institutions decisively, and the responsibility of the government is to formulate and implement rules according to local conditions.
【作者单位】：陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院;陕西师范大学金融研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(07BJY169) 陕西省哲学社会科学项目(06D005Z) 陕西师范大学211工程重点项目(200903)
【分类号】：F832.4;F327

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