哈萨克斯坦入世对中国新疆与其贸易影响及对策研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 21:37

本文关键词：哈萨克斯坦入世对中国新疆与其贸易影响及对策研究　出处：《新疆财经大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在经济全球化浪潮下,国家间的经贸联系日益频繁,贸易摩擦也伴之频现。世界贸易组织作为当今唯一的全球贸易协议机构,制定并监督着国际经贸规则,在处理成员国贸易争端,裁定贸易保护措施方面发挥着积极作用,推动着世界各国和各地区间的经贸合作。它为国家间的贸易融通提供了发展平台,因此加入世贸组织的本质就是将本国在规定时间内融入经济全球一体化中。中国早在2001年就已加入世贸组织,至今已有15年,经济发展步伐加快并取得了突出的成就,而且同周边国家贸易的发展也取得了长足进步,尤其中国提出并积极推进“丝绸之路经济带”建设(简称“一带”),极大地促进了与中亚国家的贸易互动。哈萨克斯坦(简称“哈国”),在20世纪90年代中期,其经济改革遭遇“瓶颈期”,国内经济状况不佳。哈国为了缓解国内经济矛盾,激活经济发展活力,迫切需要国际市场,融入经济全球一体化中,于是入世就成为最佳选择。但因历史缘由,哈国入世谈判遭到美国为首的西方国家的百般刁难,加入世贸组织的步伐异常艰难。哈国仍为入世坚持谈判,改革国内经济和贸易政策,使之与世贸组织规则相符,同时还通过“2050”战略和“光明大道”新经济政策提振经济,在历经长达20年的艰难谈判后,终于在2015年11月30日正式成为世贸组织成员国。哈国作为中亚地区经济最具发展活力的国家,一直以来都是中国新疆的最大贸易伙伴,而且还是“一带”建设关键国家,而中国新疆已凭借着地缘优势,成为了中哈贸易发展桥头堡和“一带”建设核心区。所以哈国入世势必会为中国新疆与其贸易发展带来新环境和新机遇。本文首先概括分析了哈萨克斯坦入世情况,主要包括入世申请时国内外环境、谈判历程、入世障碍和国内改革;其次还根据哈国入世承诺,说明入世后的相关政策调整,并将其市场开放与我国进行简要对比,加以进一步说明和分析;接着就近10年的新疆与哈贸易现状进行分析,并剖析了双方贸易现存问题;紧接着结合贸易结合度(TCD)、显性比较优势(RCA)和互补性(TC)三个指数对双方贸易互补程度予以实证,进而说明双方贸易存在极大互补性,而且这种互补性不会因哈国加入世贸组织有所改变,随之提出若能充分利用好此种互补性,双方的贸易潜力还将更大;然后结合哈国入世后相关贸易政策变化,进一步具体分析对中国新疆与其贸易产生的积极与消极影响;最后综合以上分析,针对双方贸易现存问题和入世影响,从政府和企业两个视角提出对策,认为国家政府和自治区政府应加强口岸建设,通关和政策协调等层面的鼓励和引导;新疆企业本身应掌握并运用好相关贸易规则,不断提升自身竞争力,加强对优势技术的引进,同时还需对农产品贸易方面予以多方面重视,积极把握好相关机遇。
[Abstract]:In the tide of economic globalization, the economic ties between countries have become increasingly frequent, with frequent trade friction. As the only global trade agreement institution, WTO has formulated and supervised the international economic and trade rules, playing an active role in dealing with trade disputes among Member States and deciding trade protection measures, and promoting economic and trade cooperation between countries and regions. It provides a platform for the trade accommodation between countries. Therefore, the essence of joining WTO is to integrate the country into the economic globalization within the specified time. China early in 2001 had joined the WTO, has been 15 years, to accelerate the pace of economic development and has made outstanding achievements, but also the development of trade with neighboring countries has made great progress, especially China proposed and actively promote the construction of "Silk Road Economic Belt" (called "area"), has greatly promoted interactive trade with Central Asian countries. In the middle of 1990s, Kazakhstan's economic reform encountered a "bottleneck" in the middle of the 1990s, and the domestic economic situation was not good. In order to alleviate domestic economic contradictions and activate the vitality of economic development, Kazakhstan urgently needs the international market and integrates into the economic globalization. So entering WTO is the best choice. But due to historical reasons, China WTO negotiations by the US led western countries to join the pace of WTO create all sorts of obstacles, difficult. Kazakhstan is still adhere to the WTO negotiations, reform of domestic economic and trade policy, which is consistent with the rules of the WTO, but also through the "2050" strategy and "bright road" new economic policy to boost the economy, after 20 years of hard negotiations, and finally in November 30, 2015 officially became a member of the WTO. Kazakhstan as the most dynamic economies in Central Asia, has been the biggest trade partner of Xinjiang Chinese, but also the "area" construction of key countries, while Xinjiang has Chinese by virtue of the geographical advantages, become China Kazakhstan trade development bridgehead and "area" construction of the core area. Therefore, the entry of Kazakhstan to WTO will bring new environment and new opportunities for the development of China's Xinjiang and its trade. This paper first analyzes Kazakhstan's accession to the WTO, including the WTO for internal and external environment, negotiation process, WTO barriers and domestic reform; secondly, according to the China WTO commitments, the relevant policies of WTO, adjustment, and the opening of the market in China and in some contrast to explain and analysis; Xinjiang and Kazakhstan trade status quo at the recent 10 years were analyzed, and the analysis of the existing problems of trade between the two sides; followed by a combination of trade integration (TCD), dominant comparative advantage (RCA) and complement (TC) three index to be positive on both sides of trade complementarity degree, and that there is a great complementary trade between the two sides, but not because of this complementarity Kazakhstan to join WTO changed, then put forward if we can make full use of the potential of bilateral trade complementarity, also will be greater; and then combined with Kazakhstan into WTO related trade Easy policy changes, further analyze the positive and negative influence on Xinjiang and its China trade; finally, based on the above analysis, aiming at the existing problems and the influence of trade between the two sides of WTO, puts forward countermeasures from two aspects of government and enterprise, government and the autonomous region that the government should strengthen the construction of the port, customs clearance and other aspects of encouraging policy coordination and guide; Xinjiang enterprises should grasp and make good use of the relevant trade rules, and constantly improve their competitiveness, strengthen the introduction of advanced technology, but also on the trade of agricultural products to be more attention, actively grasp the opportunities.
【学位授予单位】：新疆财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F753.61;F752.8

【相似文献】