多边关系视角下的中日民间贸易：1949-1972

发布时间：2018-01-13 05:08

本文关键词：多边关系视角下的中日民间贸易：1949-1972　出处：《广西师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中日民间贸易源远流长,本文的“中日民间贸易”是指新中国成立后,中日在没有邦交的情况下,两国都有对外贸易的需求及条件,通过非政府的方式进行经济贸易活动。这一时期的中日民间贸易历史过程纷繁复杂,它从诞生开始就被深深地打上了冷战的烙印。在这一历史过程中,美国、苏联、日本和台湾地区的政治、经济因素一直影响着中日民间贸易的发展。本文从历史背景、发展历程、最终思考三个方面论述多边关系影响下的中日民间贸易；同时运用国际经济学相关原理,解读中日民间贸易发展的内部动因。对苏一边倒的新中国与对美采取追随外交的日本,分属两大对立阵营。政治上没有往来,国家邦交更是无从谈起。外向型经济的日本急需中国市场对其开放,然而在政治行动上,日本加入以美国为首的西方阵营,采取对华遏制政策。受到美国为首西方国家遏制的新中国也需要对日贸易打破这一困境,通过进口西方先进科技以促进国家现代化的开展。出于国家利益的需要,中日两国以民间方式尝试相互接近,而与此同时又不得不受制于国际格局及国内环境的影响。美国、台湾对新中国的敌视如一柄达摩克利斯之剑,随时会斩断中日民间贸易的渠道。因此人为的政经分离充斥于中日民间贸易发展的过程之中。对美采取追随外交的日本处境极为矛盾,若其完全听从美国旨意,对华采取严格的出口禁运政策,其结果便是加剧日本对美国及西方国家市场的依赖,经济的自主权受到削弱,从而导致政府更迭,如岸信介内阁的倒台。因此日方时常效仿英法,对华采取“例外程序”,悄悄扩大中日民间贸易。中国较早地摆脱苏联发展模式的影响,特别是1960年苏联撤出对华全部援助及1965年中苏关系全面破裂。中日民间贸易作为中国获得国外先进技术及物资不可多得的通道,显得尤为重要。国内极左政策和其他方面原因导致了中日民间贸易发展起伏不定,如1958年至1960年中日民间贸易几近断绝,1970年至1972年中日民间贸易经受了一个大起大落时段。1970年至1972年,东亚发生政治地震,基辛格及尼克松相继访华。越顶外交在日本犹如一颗“政治原子弹”爆炸,佐藤内阁迅速倒台。代之而起的田中内阁立刻访问中国,推动中日接近,从而催生了中日民间贸易发展的春天,1971年至1972年中日民间贸易额得到巨大的提升便是最好的例证。当下中日关系整体格局是政冷经热,政治上互不信任,经济交流却十分频繁。2012年钓鱼岛问题的尖锐化使中日关系跌入了冰点,中日政冷经热的格局有向政冷经也冷的方向发展的趋势。对1949—1972年之间中日民间贸易的多边视角考察,将有助于我们更好地思考当下情势中的中日关系。
[Abstract]:The folk trade between China and Japan has a long history. In this paper, "Sino-Japanese folk trade" means that after the founding of New China, China and Japan have foreign trade needs and conditions in the absence of diplomatic relations. The history of Sino-Japanese folk trade in this period was complicated, and it was deeply branded by the Cold War from the beginning of its birth. In this historical process, the United States. The political and economic factors of the Soviet Union, Japan and Taiwan have always affected the development of Sino-Japanese folk trade. Finally, three aspects of discussion on the influence of multilateral relations between China and Japan folk trade; At the same time, using the relevant principles of international economics, this paper interprets the internal causes of the development of Sino-Japanese folk trade. The new China, which is one-sided to the Soviet Union, and Japan, which follows the diplomacy to the United States, belong to the two opposing camps, and have no political contacts. Japan, with an export-oriented economy, desperately needs to open up the Chinese market, but in political action, Japan joins the Western camp led by the United States. New China, led by the United States, also needs to break this dilemma through trade with Japan. By importing advanced western science and technology to promote the development of national modernization. For the needs of national interests, China and Japan try to approach each other in folk ways. At the same time, it has to be subject to the influence of international structure and domestic environment. The hostility of the United States and Taiwan towards the new China is like a sword of Damocles. Therefore, the artificial separation of politics and economy filled the process of the development of Sino-Japanese private trade. The situation of Japan, which follows the United States' diplomacy, is extremely contradictory, if it completely obeys the will of the United States. The result of a strict export embargo on China has been to increase Japan's dependence on the markets of the United States and Western countries and weaken economic autonomy, leading to a change of government. For example, the fall of Kishi Nobusuke's cabinet. Therefore, Japan often followed the example of Britain and France, adopted "exceptional procedures" against China, and quietly expanded Sino-Japanese folk trade. China got rid of the influence of the Soviet Union's development model earlier. In particular, the Soviet Union withdrew all its aid to China on 1960 and the Soviet relations broke down in middle of 1965. Sino-Japanese folk trade was used as a rare channel for China to obtain advanced foreign technology and materials. It is particularly important. Domestic far-left policies and other reasons led to the ups and downs of the development of Sino-Japanese private trade, such as 1958 to middle of 1960, the private trade nearly cut off. From 1970 to middle of 1972, Japan's private trade experienced a period of ups and downs. From 1970 to 1970, there was a political earthquake in East Asia. Kissinger and Nixon visited China one after another. Vietnam's top diplomacy exploded like a "political atomic bomb" in Japan, and Sato's cabinet quickly collapsed. Instead, the Tanaka cabinet immediately visited China to push China closer to Japan. This gave birth to the spring of the development of non-government trade between China and Japan. From 1971 to middle of 1972, the great increase in the volume of trade between Japan and China is the best example. At present, the overall pattern of Sino-Japanese relations is political, economic, economic and hot. Political mistrust, but economic exchanges are very frequent. In 2012, the sharp Diaoyu Islands issue brought Sino-Japanese relations to a freezing point. The pattern of Sino-Japanese political cold economy is developing in the direction of political cold economy as well as cold economy. The multilateral perspective of Sino-Japanese folk trade from 1949 to 1972 is investigated. Will help us to better reflect on the current situation in the relationship between China and Japan.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F752.9;F753.13

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