石家庄市城市居民生活用水定价研究及应用

发布时间：2018-03-22 18:57

本文选题：城市居民生活用水　切入点：阶梯水价　出处：《石家庄经济学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水资源是我国经济发展的原动力,重要性不言而喻。纵观我国水资源总量,绝对数量并不少,但人均相对水资源拥有量较少,是水资源供需矛盾尖锐的国家之一。而石家庄市水资源人均占有量还未达到我国水资源占有量的平均水平,属于严重缺水城市。价格是调节居民用水需求的有效手段,合理制定居民生活用水价格,可以有效控制居民的用水量,避免水资源浪费和过度开采。因此,科学合理的制定城市居民生活用水价格具有重要的现实意义。论文首先概述城市居民生活用水定价的理论,包括三个部分:城市水价的内涵,城市居民水价定价理论基础以及城市水价的影响因素。经过对石家庄市居民生活用水现状的了解和分析,在比较归纳各种水资源定价模型的缺陷的基础上,提出阶梯式水价的优势,并建立阶梯式水价模型,对石家庄市居民生活用水阶梯式计量水价进行实证分析,对方案可行性进行论证并提出保障石家庄市阶梯水价实施的措施。通过上述研究,得出如下结论:(1)石家庄市水资源无论与河北省内其他城市相比,还是自身纵向相比,水资源总量和人均占有量都不乐观,属于严重缺水城市,面对居民生活用水需求量的提升,石家庄市生活用水价格的偏低,单一水价已不能有效抑制用水需求且水价偏低的事实已不能弥补供水成本。(2)本文提出的石家庄市阶梯水价方案为三阶梯水价,第一阶梯水价3.4元,水量基数6立方米,第二阶梯水价5.1元,水量基数9立方米,高于9立方米的用水量执行第三阶梯水价10.2元,且家庭人口数多于3人的,每多一人可申请增加2立方米的数量基数。(3)阶梯水价方案中各阶水价水量的合理制定有利于水资源的有效利用,同时又考虑到低收入者的现实情况,有利于公平性原则的体现。虽然目前石家庄市各方面已具备实施阶梯水价的基础,但要顺利实施此阶梯水价,还需各个方面的共同努力,在水价听证会听取各方代表的建议,建立科学合理的阶梯式水价体系,促进城市水资源可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Water resources are the driving force of China's economic development, and the importance is self-evident. Looking at the total amount of water resources in China, the absolute quantity is not small, but the per capita relative water resources are relatively small. Shijiazhuang is one of the countries with sharp contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, and Shijiazhuang has not reached the average level of water resources per capita in China, so it belongs to the city of severe water shortage. Price is an effective means to adjust the water demand of residents. Reasonable setting the price of household water can effectively control the water consumption of residents and avoid the waste and over-exploitation of water resources. It is of great practical significance to make the price of water for urban residents scientifically and reasonably. Firstly, the paper summarizes the theory of water pricing for urban residents, including three parts: the connotation of urban water price, The theoretical basis of urban water price pricing and the influencing factors of urban water price. Based on the understanding and analysis of the current situation of domestic water use in Shijiazhuang, the defects of various water resources pricing models are compared and summarized. The advantage of step water price is put forward, and the stepwise water price model is established to make an empirical analysis on the stepwise measurement of water price for the residents of Shijiazhuang. The feasibility of the scheme is demonstrated and measures are put forward to ensure the implementation of the step water price in Shijiazhuang. Through the above study, the following conclusions are drawn: 1) the water resources of Shijiazhuang City are compared with other cities in Hebei Province, or their own longitudinal comparison. The total amount of water resources and the per capita share of water resources are not optimistic. They belong to cities with severe water shortage. In the face of the rising demand for domestic water, the price of domestic water in Shijiazhuang is on the low side. The fact that a single water price can no longer effectively restrain water demand and the water price is on the low side can no longer make up for the cost of water supply.) the step water price scheme of Shijiazhuang is three steps water price, the first step water price is 3.4 yuan, the base of water quantity is 6 cubic meters. The second step water price is 5.1 yuan, the water quantity base is 9 cubic meters, and the water consumption above 9 cubic meters carries out the third step water price of 10.2 yuan, and the household population is more than three people, Each additional person may apply for an increase in the quantity base of 2 cubic metres. / / 3) the rational formulation of water prices for each step of the ladder water pricing scheme is conducive to the effective use of water resources, taking into account the realities of the low-income population, Although all aspects of Shijiazhuang City already have the basis for implementing the ladder water price, it still requires the joint efforts of all parties in order to successfully implement this step water price, and listen to the suggestions of the representatives of all parties at the water price hearing. To establish a scientific and reasonable step-by-step water price system to promote the sustainable development of urban water resources.
【学位授予单位】：石家庄经济学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F299.24;F726

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