新常态下我国对外贸易转型问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 09:35

本文选题：外贸新常态 + 外贸转型　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际金融危机过后,深层次影响持续显现,我国外需持续低迷,国内要素成本大幅上升,外贸形势十分复杂严峻,下行压力明显加大。面对错综复杂的国际环境和国内传统优势减弱等多重挑战,我国对外贸易发展也进入新常态时期,外贸发展急需转型。新常态下我国外贸出现新的特征符合经济新常态的基本表现,增速明显下滑、从要素驱动向创新驱动转变,提质增效,从粗放型的发展转变为集约式的发展,外贸结构、方式急需进一步优化,外贸转型之路更为艰辛。新常态环境为我国对外贸易转型提出了新的要求和发展方向,要在结构效益、模式效益和思维效益上进行转变,进而提高我国外贸竞争力、促进我国对外贸易转型。通过对进出口额、外贸结构、投资现状、外贸依存度等方面的现状分析发现,我国外贸面临诸多问题、转型之路刻不容缓且任重道远。出现了发展方式不合理,贸易利润低、创新能力不足制约转型发展、保护主义升温,外贸扩张难度加大、外贸区域空间发展不协调、服务贸易发展落后、国际经贸环境更加复杂等问题,其原因一方面来自国际市场上外需萎缩、摩擦加剧、经贸格局调整以及全球产业价值链重构与转移等影响因素,另一方面来自于我国国内宏观经济运行压力加大、传统竞争优势弱化和新型竞争优势正在培育尚未成型,被动的外贸思维和我国较低国际分工和价值链地位是根本原因所在。对外贸易的稳增长、调结构、促平衡势在必行,要实现从大进大出向优进优出转变,从被动外贸向主动外贸转变,贸易结构进一步优化,发展动力加快转换,外贸发展的质量和效益进一步提升,贸易大国地位进一步巩固,贸易强国建设取得重要进展的转型发展目标。外贸转型从高速规模扩张向中低速效益增长、粗放数量型向集约质量型、要素资源驱动向创新驱动、非均衡增长向多元平衡发展、外部被动牵引向内部主动供给侧改革等为路径实现转变。需要依托“一带一路”战略,优化周边经贸发展格局,推动贸易方式与结构转型升级,积极推动外贸结构调整,大力发展服务贸易,以创新驱动提高出口产品的科技含量与质量,加快跨境电商平台、自由贸易区建设,促进外贸品牌建设,提升我国对外贸易国际竞争力,构建互利共赢的国际合作新格局,积极参与国际规则的修改与制定,营造公平竞争的国际环境,同时不断完善我国法律、财政、税收、金融等政策体系,从而提升我国外贸整体水平,华丽转型,实现从贸易大国向贸易强国转变的最终目标。
[Abstract]:After the international financial crisis, the deep influence continues to appear. We need to continue the downturn abroad, the domestic factor costs have risen sharply, the foreign trade situation is very complicated and severe, the downward pressure is obviously increasing. Facing the complex international environment and the weakening of the domestic traditional advantages, the development of our foreign trade has also entered a new normal period, foreign trade is issued. It is in urgent need of transformation. New characteristics of China's foreign trade are in accordance with the basic performance of the new normal economy. The growth of China's foreign trade is obviously declining, from factor driven to innovation driven, quality and efficiency, from extensive development to intensive development, the structure of foreign trade is in urgent need of further optimization, and the road of foreign trade transformation is more difficult. A new normal ring China has put forward new requirements and development direction for the transformation of foreign trade in China. It should change the structure benefit, model benefit and thinking benefit, and then improve our foreign trade competitiveness and promote the transformation of China's foreign trade. The road of trade is facing many problems, and the road of transformation is urgent and heavy. There are some problems, such as irrational way of development, low trade profit, lack of innovation ability and restriction of transformation and development, increasing protectionism, increasing difficulty of foreign trade expansion, uncoordinated development of foreign trade area space, backward service trade development, and more complex international economic and trade environment. On the one hand, it comes from the shrinking of foreign demand, the intensification of the friction, the adjustment of the economic and trade pattern and the restructuring and transfer of the global industrial value chain. On the other hand, the pressure of the domestic macro-economic operation is increasing, the weakening of the traditional competitive advantage and the new competitive advantage are not yet formed, the passive foreign trade thinking and our country are compared. The fundamental reason is the low international division of labor and the position of value chain. The steady growth of foreign trade, the adjustment of structure and the balance of balance are imperative. It is necessary to realize the transformation from the great advance to the best, from the passive foreign trade to the active foreign trade, the further optimization of the trade structure, the rapid transformation of the development power, the further improvement of the quality and benefit of the development of foreign trade. The position of Yi big country is further consolidated, the transformation and development goal of important progress in building trade power has been achieved. The transformation of foreign trade from high speed scale expansion to middle and low speed benefit, extensive quantity type to intensive quality, factor resource driven to innovation, unbalanced growth to multiple balanced development, external passive traction to internal active supply side reform As the path to realize the transformation of leather. The need to rely on the "The Belt and Road" strategy, optimize its economic development pattern, and promote trade structure transformation and upgrading, and actively promote foreign trade structure adjustment, vigorously develop the service trade, to improve the content of science and technology innovation driven and the quality of export products, accelerate the construction of cross-border electronic business platform, free trade zone, To promote the construction of foreign trade brand, promote the international competitiveness of our foreign trade, build a new pattern of mutual benefit and win-win international cooperation, actively participate in the revision and formulation of international rules, create a fair competition international environment, and constantly improve our country's legal, financial, tax and financial policies, so as to improve the overall level of our foreign trade, and turn the whole level to a splendid turn. To achieve the ultimate goal of changing from a trading power to a trading power.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752

【相似文献】