行为经济学视野中的非理性消费决策

发布时间：2018-05-04 15:55

本文选题：行为经济学 + 非理性消费　；参考：《延安大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪中后期以来,西方经济学中涌现出了一股反思理性的思潮,并逐渐引起了经济学界广泛的关注,以“心理学和经济学”名称而出现的交叉学科领域的研究成果逐渐形成较为系统的理论框架和主要观点。传统经济学对于消费理论的研究主要是利用预算约束和无差异曲线制定了效用最大化的条件,并在理性经济人的前提下,将个人的消费选择表述为:行为人在一定条件的约束下做出选择,并以追求效用最大为目标。对消费者而言,具体表现为:在预算约束的条件下进行一组商品的消费,使其评价的效用函数最大化。但是在现实经济生活中,还存在一个广阔的非理性选择领域,包括非理性消费行为,无法用传统经济学理论作出合理解释。在这样一个大背景下,许多学者将目光转向行为经济学,试图以新的分析框架解决非理性选择行为。行为经济学将行为分析理论和经济运行规律以及心理学的相关研究成果有机地融合在一起,对传统经济学模型中的漏洞进行了探索,并且修补了主流经济学关于理性经济人、完全信息、效用最大化及偏好稳定性等基本假定的不足之处。行为经济学对非理性消费研究的大量理论如参照依赖、损失厌恶、心理账户、禀赋效应等,都是建立在有限理性和偏好不稳定性等基础之上,通过实验方法和科学仪器检测来进行论证,从而对非理性消费中决策者决策的各个环节给予了比较合理和满意的解释,例如股权溢价之谜、赢者诅咒,现状偏见等问题;并且为决策者在经济生活中的决策行为提供理论指导和现实参考,使他们变得更加“理智”起来。行为经济学作为一门对非理性消费决策不断发展、研究的新型理论,其独到的实验研究范式和研究方法对脱离实际生活的传统经济学已经起到了重要的影响,使得非理性消费决策的研究在整个决策理论中的地位也变得越来越重要。
[Abstract]:Since the middle and late 20th century, there has emerged a trend of rational reflection in western economics, which has gradually aroused widespread concern in the field of economics. The research achievements in the field of interdisciplinary studies under the name "Psychology and Economics" have gradually formed a more systematic theoretical framework and main points of view. The study of consumption theory in traditional economics mainly uses budget constraints and the curve of no difference to establish the conditions of utility maximization, and under the premise of rational economic man, The personal consumption choice is expressed as: the actor makes the choice under certain conditions, and the goal is to pursue the maximum utility. For consumers, it is shown that a group of commodities are consumed under the condition of budget constraint, and the utility function of evaluation is maximized. However, in real economic life, there is still a wide field of irrational choice, including irrational consumption behavior, which can not be reasonably explained by traditional economic theory. Under such a background, many scholars turn their attention to behavioral economics and try to solve irrational choice behavior with a new analytical framework. Behavioral economics combines behavioral analysis theory with economic operation law and related research results of psychology organically, explores the loopholes in the traditional economic model, and fixes the mainstream economics about rational economic man. Shortcomings of basic assumptions such as complete information, utility maximization and preference stability. A large number of theories of behavioral economics on irrational consumption, such as reference dependence, loss aversion, psychological account and endowment effect, are based on bounded rationality and preference instability. By means of experimental methods and scientific instruments, this paper gives a reasonable and satisfactory explanation to every link of decision making in irrational consumption, such as the riddle of equity premium, the winner's curse, the bias of present situation and so on. It also provides theoretical guidance and practical reference for decision-makers in economic life to make them more rational. As a new theory for irrational consumption decision making, behavioral economics has played an important role in the traditional economics, which is divorced from the real life, because of its unique experimental research paradigm and research methods. The research of irrational consumption decision-making has become more and more important in the whole decision-making theory.
【学位授予单位】：延安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F713.55

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