中国出口企业的生产率优势及其来源识别

发布时间：2018-05-05 21:24

本文选题：生产率 + 出口学习效应　；参考：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国的改革开放取得了巨大的成就,出口已经成为带动中国经济发展的引擎之一。在出口的过程中,我国涌现出了一大批具有先进技术的产业和企业,但是也有一些企业的经营受到国际市场波动的影响。当前国内外学者在异质性企业贸易理论的影响下,采用不同的数据和及计量方法去研究出口过程中的自选择效应和出口学习效应,得出的结论也各不相同。本文则从生产率分布的分位点角度去研究出口与生产率的问题,并试图修正之前理论和实证研究中的一些纰漏。文章首先把出口学习效应纳入到异质性企业贸易理论的分析框架下,把自选择效应和出口学习效应融合到一个理论模型中,同时指出自选择效应主要作用于生产率的低分位点,会使其分布产生左断尾现象,而出口学习效应则使得生产率分布整体向右移动,并给出了两种效应对生产率影响的图形表示。接下来本文使用倾向得分匹配的方法,克服样本选择偏误和内生性问题,测度出样本考察期间出口行为可以提升0.231个单位的生产率,分年份结果则显示这种促进作用会随着年份的增加而减少,甚至在后期产生负面影响。随后的图形识别法显示出口企业生产率分布有左断尾现象,从而证实了自选择效应的存在；而其生产率分布在后期没有右移动的现象,从而说明出口学习效应在考察后期并不存在,此外文章通过比较生产率高低分位点的数值亦得出同样的结论。接下来文章进行了分位数回归以及稳健性检验,控制其他因素之后,依然得出了自选择效应存在,而出口学习效应不存在的结论。文章还对出口学习效应不存在的原因进行了分析,加工贸易和劳动密集型企业的存在导致了这种现象。最后文章就实证结果提出了一些政策上的建议。
[Abstract]:China's reform and opening up has made great achievements, export has become one of the engines of China's economic development. In the process of export, a large number of industries and enterprises with advanced technology have emerged in our country, but there are also some enterprises whose operation is affected by the fluctuation of international market. At present, under the influence of heterogeneous enterprise trade theory, scholars at home and abroad adopt different data and measurement methods to study the self-selection effect and export learning effect in the process of export, and the conclusions are different. In this paper, the problem of export and productivity is studied from the point of view of productivity distribution, and some flaws in previous theoretical and empirical studies are tried to be corrected. In this paper, the export learning effect is first incorporated into the analysis framework of heterogeneous firm trade theory, and the self-selection effect and export learning effect are integrated into a theoretical model. At the same time, it is pointed out that the self-selection effect mainly acts on the low-score sites of productivity. The distribution will cause the phenomenon of left tail break, while the export learning effect will make the productivity distribution move to the right as a whole, and the graphic representation of the two effects on productivity is given. Then we use the tendency score matching method to overcome the sample selection bias and endogenous problems, and measure that the export behavior can increase the productivity of 0.231 units during the sample investigation. The year-by-year results showed that the promotion would decrease with the increase of years, or even have a negative effect in the later stage. Subsequently, the graph recognition method shows that the productivity distribution of export enterprises has left tail break phenomenon, which confirms the existence of self-selection effect, and its productivity distribution does not move to the right in the later period. It is shown that the export learning effect does not exist in the later period of investigation, and the same conclusion is obtained by comparing the values of high and low productivity loci. After controlling for other factors, the conclusion is that the self-selection effect exists, but the export learning effect does not exist. The paper also analyzes the reasons why the export learning effect does not exist, which is caused by the existence of processing trade and labor-intensive enterprises. Finally, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the empirical results.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F752.62

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