改革开放以来我国价格改革的历史考察

发布时间：2018-05-21 21:13

本文选题：价格改革 + 价格双轨制　；参考：《中南财经政法大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：十八届三中全会明确指出,要让市场在资源配置中起决定性作用。众所周知,价格机制是市场机制的核心。所以,建立健全价格形成机制是发挥市场配置资源的重要保证。但是,完善的价格机制的形成不是一蹴而就,一帆风顺的。改革开放后,随着经济社会实践、经济体制改革以及认识的不断推进,传统的计划价格体制逐渐被打破,市场调节价格的作用逐渐增强。而且,在改革中不断地总结经验,使价格改革由完善计划价格机制转变为建立和完善市场价格机制。因此,回顾历史有利于为当前深化经济体制改革提供历史经验。改革开放以来,随着经济体制由计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转变,价格体制作为经济体制的重要组成部分,也经历了由计划价格体制向市场价格体制转变的过程。本文以经济体制改革为背景,结合价格改革的内容、特点和过程试图总结和归纳价格改革的内在逻辑和经验,从而为当前深化经济体制改革提供历史借鉴。全文共计六个部分:第一部分是导论。主要内容包括研究意义、文献综述、研究内容以及创新之处和不足之处等。第二部分是价格“双轨制”探索时期(1978-1984年)。首先,系统论述了计划价格体制的利弊并作为价格改革的背景。然后,通过对价格改革内容的回顾,进一步分析了价格改革的特点和影响,从而得出该阶段价格改革的思路是“调”为主,“放”为辅相结合,并开始引入市场机制,探索价格“双轨制”。第三部分是价格“双轨制”实现时期(1985-1988年)。首先,论述了价格改革思路转变的过程,采取“调”为辅,“放”为主相结合的改革思路。相应地扩大价格“双轨制”的实现范围。然而,由于价格放开太快等,导致物价上涨过快,通货膨胀等问题出现。但是,这一时期价格改革也取得了诸多成绩。第四部分是价格“双轨制”停滞时期(1989-1991年)。价格改革的主要内容治理通货膨胀、稳定物价。虽然,格改革方式出现倒退,以国家调价为主,但是,价格改革宏观调控意识增强,开始运用经济手段调节价格。第五部分是价格“双轨制”并轨时期(1992年以后)。1992-1996年价格改革的主要内容是破除计划价格机制,放开价格,实现“双轨制”并轨。1997年以后价格改革主要是建立和完善市场价格机制,实现广义价格改革,完善宏观调控体系。第六部分是本文的主要结论。一、价格形成机制以市场化为导向;二、价格改革与经济体制改革相互促进。
[Abstract]:The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee clearly pointed out that the market should play a decisive role in the allocation of resources. As we all know, the price mechanism is the core of the market mechanism. Therefore, the establishment and improvement of price formation mechanism is an important guarantee to give play to market allocation of resources. However, the formation of a sound price mechanism is not overnight, smooth sailing. After the reform and opening up, with the economic and social practice, the economic system reform and the continuous promotion of understanding, the traditional planned price system is gradually broken, and the role of market price regulation is gradually enhanced. Moreover, we should sum up the experience in the reform and change the price reform from perfecting the planned price mechanism to establishing and perfecting the market price mechanism. Therefore, reviewing history is conducive to providing historical experience for deepening economic system reform. Since the reform and opening up, with the change of economic system from planned economy system to socialist market economy system, price system, as an important part of economic system, has also experienced the process from planned price system to market price system. With the background of economic system reform and the content, characteristics and process of price reform, this paper tries to sum up and sum up the internal logic and experience of price reform, so as to provide historical reference for deepening the reform of economic system. This paper consists of six parts: the first part is the introduction. The main contents include research significance, literature review, research content, innovation and shortcomings. The second part is the exploration period of price-two-track system (1978-1984). Firstly, it discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the planned price system and the background of price reform. Then, by reviewing the content of price reform, this paper further analyzes the characteristics and influence of price reform, and concludes that the thinking of price reform in this stage is "adjust" mainly, combine "put" as auxiliary, and begin to introduce market mechanism. Explore the price of the "double track system." The third part is the price of the "two-track system" to achieve the period of 1985-1988. First of all, the paper discusses the process of the transformation of price reform, and adopts the reform thinking of "adjustment" as a supplement and "release" as the combination of "play" and "put". Accordingly, expand the price of the "double track system" to achieve the scope. However, because the price liberalizes too fast, causes the price to rise too fast, the inflation and so on question appears. However, this period of price reform has also made a lot of achievements. The fourth part is the price of the "double track" stagnation period 1989-1991. The main content of price reform controls inflation, stabilize price. Although the mode of reform is retrogressive, the state adjusts the price mainly, but the macro-control consciousness of the price reform is strengthened, and the economic means are used to adjust the price. The fifth part is the period of "double track system" of price (after 1992), the main content of the price reform in 1992-1996 is to break down the planned price mechanism and liberalize the price. After 1997, the price reform is mainly to establish and perfect the market price mechanism, to realize the generalized price reform and to perfect the macro-control system. The sixth part is the main conclusion of this paper. First, price formation mechanism is market-oriented; second, price reform and economic system reform promote each other.
【学位授予单位】：中南财经政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F726

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