全球贸易规则变动趋势及中国的应对

发布时间：2018-06-01 17:18

本文选题：世界贸易格局 + 全球价值链　；参考：《河北经贸大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：世贸组织体制下的多哈回合从2001年启动，如今已经走过了13个年头，中间几度中止重启，至今仍无太大进展，使得多边体制的支持者不胜唏嘘。与多边贸易体制谈判进程缓慢不同，，区域性贸易协定如雨后春笋般蓬勃发展，根据WTO数据显示，截至2013年底，向WTO通报的贸易协定已达575个，其中已经生效的有379个①。区域协定大有赶超多边体制之势成为参与世界贸易的主流路径。在这种背景下，2008年美国宣布加入原本只有文莱、智利、新加坡、新西兰四国发起的跨太平洋伙伴关系协议谈判，霎时引起世界的广泛关注，随着澳大利亚、加拿大、日本、韩国等国相继加入，TPP协议谈判扩展到12国。TPP以其谈判内容广泛、标准高、质量高、开放性高等特点成为了新一代区域贸易谈判的代表。2013年6月，美国和欧盟达成一致意见，举行跨大西洋贸易与投资伙伴关系协定（TTIP）谈判。我们看到，区域一体化谈判正朝着巨型一体化组织的方向发展，通过区域性谈判渗透到全球贸易中成为了当今世界贸易规则的发展趋势。全球正处于贸易规则调整时期。以美国为首的TPP12国谈判，BIT谈判、TISA谈判，以及欧美之间的TTIP谈判等成为当下世界贸易规则重塑的平台。新贸易规则超越了WTO多边贸易体制下的现有规则，塑造路径以区域谈判为切入点逐步渗透到全球贸易规则中，反应了当今世界经济商品贸易-服务贸易-投资一体化的价值链新形式，满足了世界经济发展对制度建设的要求。新贸易规则倡导“高标准、广覆盖”的特点，推动全球贸易的进一步便利化和自由化。发达国家力图主导的新贸易规则既有在WTO体制基础上的进一步深化、又有新议题。面对全球贸易规则的转变，给我国带来压力的同时，也不啻为难得的机遇。目前，我国是世界上第一大出口国，同时作为世界上主要的对外直接投资国和引进国，在国际经济体系中占有重要一席，然而如何抓住这次机遇，促进国内经济转型升级，增强我国在国际上的话语权，表达我国的贸易诉求，是值得学者进一步深化研究的方向。目前我国游离在新规则制定之外，是否加入谈判以及何时加入谈判还是未知，本文通过分析新规则的内容、特点以及塑造路径，结合当前我国在国际贸易中的地位，进一步指出新规则谈判对我国的影响以及我国应如何应对。
[Abstract]:The Doha Round under the WTO, which began in 2001, has now passed 13 years, with several halting restarts, and little progress has been made so far, making supporters of the multilateral system lament. Unlike the slow pace of negotiations on the multilateral trading system, regional trade agreements have sprung up, with 379,1 of the 575 trade agreements notified to the WTO by the end of 2013, according to WTO data. Regional agreements have the potential to catch up with the multilateral system and become the mainstream way to participate in world trade. Against this background, in 2008 the United States announced its accession to the negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, originally sponsored only by Brunei, Chile, Singapore, and New Zealand, which immediately attracted worldwide attention. With Australia, Canada, and Japan, South Korea and other countries have become representatives of a new generation of regional trade negotiations with the characteristics of broad content, high standard, high quality and high openness. In June 2013, the United States and the European Union reached an agreement. Hold negotiations on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership Agreement (TTIP). We can see that the regional integration negotiation is developing towards the direction of the giant integration organization, and it has become the development trend of the world trade rules to infiltrate into the global trade through the regional negotiation. The world is in a period of adjustment of trade rules. The US-led TPP12 negotiations, bit negotiations, and TTIP negotiations between the United States and the United States have become the platform for reshaping the current world trade rules. The new trade rules go beyond the existing rules under the multilateral trading system of WTO, and gradually infiltrate into the global trade rules with regional negotiations as the starting point. It reflects a new form of value chain integration of commodity trade, service trade and investment in the world economy, and meets the requirements of system construction for the development of world economy. The new trade rules advocate the characteristics of "high standards, wide coverage" and promote further facilitation and liberalization of global trade. The new trade rules which developed countries try to lead not only deepen further on the basis of WTO system, but also have new issues. In the face of the change of global trade rules, China is under pressure, but also a rare opportunity. At present, China is the largest exporter in the world, and as a major foreign direct investment country and an importing country in the world, it occupies an important place in the international economic system.However, how to seize this opportunity to promote the domestic economic transformation and upgrading, Strengthening our country's right to speak internationally and expressing our country's trade demands are worthy of further research. At present, apart from the establishment of new rules, it is still unknown whether or not China will join in the negotiations and when to join the negotiations. By analyzing the contents, characteristics and shaping paths of the new rules, this paper combines the current position of our country in international trade. Further, it points out the influence of the new rule negotiation on our country and how to deal with it.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F744;F752

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