信用证软条款的风险防范

发布时间：2018-06-11 20:10

本文选题：信用证 + 软条款　；参考：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：信用证作为最主要的银行支付手段之一,目前在国际贸易结算中已被各国银行和大多数商人普遍使用。中国加入世贸组织后,已经成为第一大出口国和第二大进口国,对外贸易额巨大,是世界经济稳定增长的重要力量。中国进出口商使用信用证支付方式已成为必然。然而信用证是一个矛盾结合体,贸易商在享受其带来的便利之时,也为其所制造的风险而烦恼。信用证软条款问题正是矛盾的一方面,它已经严重影响到信用证发挥其支付手段的职能,我们应该对此问题引起足够的重视。国际上对此问题尚没有明确的界定,也没有形成统一的认识。信用证软条款认识上的滞后性,给贸易双方在信用证交易中产生巨大风险。本文重点对信用证软条款的表现形式及降低软条款风险的防范措施上进行分析,希望能为完善信用证制度提供相关参考和建议,并为银行及贸易公司在遇到此问题提供有效借鉴。本文主要包括以下四部分的内容:第一部分主要是对信用证软条款基本认识的简介,包括信用证软条款的定义、常见表现形式和识别。信用证软条款会呈现多种多样、纷繁复杂的形式,认识信用证软条款常见表现形式和识别方法是非常重要的。本部分对信用证软条款的识别方法和表现形式进行了重点分析,以期待更清楚的了解什么是信用证软条款、信用证软条款常见的表现形式。第二部分主要是对信用证软条款的产生原因和危害进行分析,原因主要包括从各方当事人对国际贸易的一些主观心态找到原因和从国际贸易客观的外部环境找到原因,通过寻找原因进行“对症下药”。进而对信用证软条款这一问题的危害进行分析,巨大的危害意味着我们必须采取相应防范措施。第三部分主要是对信用证软条款的救济阻碍和防范措施进行分析,包括从基础合同与信用证项下分析软条款的救济困难,从而重点引出对救济信用证软条款的各种措施进行探讨,以期待更好的化解和防范信用证软条款所带来的风险,维护信用证在国际贸易重要支付方式的地位。第四部分主要是对预防信用证软条款的发展和完善进行分析,包括进一步完善标准格式信用证、建立一套有效的识别标准、完善开证申请人保护机制、以及对信用证软条款的明确规定。信用证的每一点完善都将意味着信用证软条款出现的概率降低,维护贸易双方的合法利益。
[Abstract]:As one of the most important means of bank payment, letter of credit has been widely used by banks and most merchants in international trade settlement. After China's entry into the WTO, China has become the largest exporter and the second largest importer, and its foreign trade volume is huge, which is an important force for the steady growth of the world economy. It is inevitable for Chinese importers and exporters to pay by letter of credit. However, the letter of credit is a combination of contradictions, while enjoying the convenience it brings, traders also worry about the risks it creates. The soft clause of letter of credit is just one aspect of contradiction, it has seriously affected the function of payment means of letter of credit, we should pay enough attention to this problem. There is no clear definition of this problem in the world, nor has it formed a unified understanding. The lag in understanding the soft clause of the letter of credit brings great risks to both parties in the transaction of letter of credit. This paper focuses on the analysis of the form of the soft clause and the preventive measures to reduce the risk of the soft clause in the letter of credit, hoping to provide relevant references and suggestions for the improvement of the letter of credit system. And for banks and trading companies in the face of this problem to provide effective reference. This paper mainly includes the following four parts: the first part is a brief introduction to the basic understanding of the soft terms of letters of credit, including the definition of soft terms of letters of credit, common forms of expression and identification. The soft terms of letters of credit will present various and complicated forms. It is very important to understand the common forms and identification methods of soft clauses of letters of credit. This part has carried on the emphases analysis to the letter of credit soft clause identification method and the manifestation form, in order to hope to know more clearly what is the letter of credit soft clause, the letter of credit soft clause common manifestation form. The second part mainly analyzes the cause and harm of soft clause of letter of credit. The reasons include the subjective mentality of the parties to international trade and the external environment of international trade. By looking for the cause of the "right remedy." Then the harm of soft clause of letter of credit is analyzed. The great harm means that we must take corresponding preventive measures. The third part mainly analyzes the relief obstacles and preventive measures of the soft clause of the letter of credit, including the relief difficulties of the soft clause under the basic contract and the letter of credit. In order to better resolve and prevent the risks caused by the soft terms of letters of credit and maintain the status of letters of credit in international trade, the paper mainly discusses the various measures of soft clauses of relief letters of credit. The fourth part mainly analyzes the development and perfection of the soft clause of the prevention letter of credit, including further perfecting the standard form letter of credit, establishing a set of effective identification standard, perfecting the protection mechanism of the applicant. And the soft terms of the letter of credit specified. Every perfection of the letter of credit will mean that the probability of soft clause in the letter of credit will be reduced, and the legitimate interests of both parties will be safeguarded.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F740.4

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