贸易便利化指标体系构建及其对我国出口贸易影响研究

发布时间：2018-09-04 17:49

【摘要】：经过多年的多边和双边贸易谈判,世界各国的贸易制度正日趋开放,各国的总体关税率已经大幅下降,非关税贸易壁垒被大量的削减,贸易自由化取得了很大的进展。但随着大幅度关税减让,传统关税调整的余地变得越来越小,贸易自由化谈判进一步进行的难度不断增大,关税和非关税贸易壁垒对于国际贸易的影响不断减弱。与此同时,“贸易的非便利化”作为一种隐性贸易壁垒,日益受到各国际组织、各国政府以及国内外学者的关注。近些年来,跨境贸易在很多情况下不能顺利进行的原因,很大程度上是与存在许多机制性和技术性障碍、贸易流程和相关手续比较繁琐有关,贸易是否便利成为影响国际贸易发展的重要因素,贸易便利化逐渐成为了全球关注的焦点。本文围绕贸易便利化这一贸易热点问题,归纳整理国内外学者现有的研究成果,从贸易便利化的含义出发,在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,结合贸易便利化新的扩展内涵,首先构建了系统、全面的三级贸易便利化指标体系,并运用主成分分析法通过SPSS软件对指标体系的各指标进行权重赋值。然后用构建起的贸易便利化指标体系对包括中国在内的50个国家2009-2014年的贸易便利化水平进行了测量。测算结果显示,世界各国的贸易便利化水平还存在较大的差异,经济比较发达的国家贸易便利化水平往往也比较高,经济相对落后的国家贸易便利化水平也比较低,而中国的贸易便利化水平正处于世界平均水平,还有很大的提升空间。接着本文通过扩展和修正现有的引力模型,对贸易便利化水平与我国的出口贸易额之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果显示,进口国家的贸易便利化水平的提升有助于增加我国对其出口贸易额,并且影响程度远远超过关税减让对于贸易额的影响。实证结果还表明,在四大贸易便利化指标中,口岸效率和电子商务便利化水平的提升对于贸易流量的影响是比较突出的。最后,本文基于测算和实证研究结果,提出了几点提升贸易便利化水平的政策建议。
[Abstract]:After years of multilateral and bilateral trade negotiations, the world's trade system is becoming increasingly open, the overall tariff rate has been greatly reduced, non-tariff barriers to trade have been greatly reduced, trade liberalization has made great progress. However, with the large tariff concessions, the scope of traditional tariff adjustment becomes smaller and smaller, the difficulty of further trade liberalization negotiations becomes more and more difficult, and the impact of tariff and non-tariff trade barriers on international trade is weakening. At the same time, as a hidden trade barrier, non-facilitation of trade has been paid more and more attention by international organizations, governments and scholars at home and abroad. In recent years, the reason why cross-border trade has not been able to proceed smoothly in many cases is to a large extent due to the existence of many institutional and technical obstacles and cumbersome trade processes and related procedures. Trade facilitation has become an important factor affecting the development of international trade, and trade facilitation has gradually become the focus of global attention. This paper focuses on trade facilitation as a hot trade issue, summarizes and collates the existing research results of domestic and foreign scholars, starting from the meaning of trade facilitation, on the basis of drawing lessons from previous research results, combining with the new expanded connotation of trade facilitation. Firstly, a systematic and comprehensive three-level trade facilitation index system is constructed, and the weight of each index of the index system is assigned by principal component analysis through SPSS software. Then, the trade facilitation level of 50 countries, including China, was measured using the trade facilitation index system. The results show that there are still large differences in the level of trade facilitation among countries in the world. The level of trade facilitation in countries with relatively developed economies is often relatively high, and the level of trade facilitation in countries with relatively backward economies is also relatively low. China's trade facilitation level is at the world average, there is still a lot of room for improvement. Then, by extending and modifying the existing gravity model, this paper makes an empirical study on the relationship between the level of trade facilitation and China's export trade volume. The results show that the improvement of the level of trade facilitation of importing countries helps to increase China's export trade volume, and the influence degree is far greater than the impact of tariff concessions on the volume of trade. The empirical results also show that among the four major trade facilitation indicators, the impact of port efficiency and e-commerce facilitation on trade flows is more prominent. Finally, based on the results of measurement and empirical research, this paper puts forward some policy recommendations to improve the level of trade facilitation.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F752.62

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