民国时期豫东平原商业地理

发布时间：2018-09-05 16:27

【摘要】：民国时期豫东平原的经济发展状态,上承清朝,下启新中国时代,具有鲜明的古代社会向现代化社会转变的时代特色。一方面,依然摆脱不了旧式的人力车、马车、帆船式水陆交通,经济状态以小农经济为主;另一方面,在半殖民地的背景环境下,带有侵略性质的病态畸形发展方式渗透进豫东平原的各行各业。作为河南省内面积最大的平原,豫东地区具有地势平坦开阔,水陆交通发达,东西南北市场广阔等众多优势。民国时期,在以铁路为主要因素的带动之下,豫东平原在经济发展方面取得了超越省内其他地区的发展势头,东西连接内陆和沿海,南北通达京津与长江经济带,奠定了全省经济重心区的地位。豫东平原跟随全国的发展势头,以东部沿海为龙头导向,大力开展对外贸易,与沿海口岸的经济联系日益加强。同时,内部的产业结构和社会状态也随之改变,商品化程度提高,经济作物的种植比例加大;人员的迁移流动变得更加频繁,向商业较发达的市镇集中。作为沿海港口的经济腹地,豫东平原可以通过铁路来连接代表先进生产力的港口城市。商业互动的逐年加强,使豫东平原这个比较靠进沿海港口的地区取得了比偏远地区更加巨大的成就。经济形势的发展变化大大改变了豫东平原的商业地理面貌。1920年至1935年,短短的15年间,豫东平原内部就发生了沧海桑田的变化。郑县、许昌、漯河迅速崛起,周口的商业贸易明显衰落,省会开封也失去了往日的经济统治力。河南省的商业交通在清末以水路为主,水运发达的枢纽之地往往形成商业中心。河南的四大水系:黄河、淮河、汉水、卫河,形成了四个水运枢纽,即“四大名镇”:朱仙镇、周口镇、赊旗镇和道口镇。随着铁路的兴起,经过民国时期的演变,河南的商业市镇从四大名镇为中心变成以铁路枢纽为中心,也即是民国晚期所设立的14个设“市”的县。在河南的这一商业地理面貌急剧变化之中,豫东平原是一个良好的缩影。豫东平原内部的商业规模测算和与外部的经济联系是探讨其商业发展态势的着眼点。豫东地区的人均购买力在一定程度上反映了地区商业规模的水平;与北部和南部港口城市的联系进行对比,可以对豫东地区做一个腹地归属的讨论。另外,在河南省内的经济地位变化可以直观的反映出豫东平原的发展速度与水平。这些都是针对这一地区的商业地理面貌而做出的不同角度探析。经过这样三方面的论述,可以勾画出豫东地区的商业地理面貌及形势变化。在经济生活中分析地理空间分布,在地理空间中勾画商业运行态势。
[Abstract]:During the period of the Republic of China, the economic development of the eastern plain of Henan Province was characterized by the transformation from ancient society to modern society. On the one hand, we still can't get rid of the old rickshaws, carriages and sailboats, and the economy is dominated by small peasant economy; on the other hand, under the background of semi-colonial environment, The pathological malformation with aggressive nature permeates all kinds of industries in East Henan Plain. As the largest plain in Henan Province, the eastern part of Henan Province has many advantages, such as flat and open terrain, developed land and water transportation, wide market between east and west, and so on. During the period of the Republic of China, driven by the railway, the eastern plain of Henan Province achieved more development momentum than other areas in the province in economic development, connecting the east and west with the inland and coastal areas, and connecting the north and the south to the economic belt of Beijing and Tianjin and the Yangtze River. Established the status of the province's economic center of gravity. The East Henan Plain follows the national development momentum, takes the eastern coast as the leading guide, vigorously develops the foreign trade, strengthens the economic relation with the coastal port day by day. At the same time, the internal industrial structure and social state also changed, the degree of commercialization increased, the proportion of cash crops was increased; the migration of people became more frequent and concentrated in the more commercial towns. As the economic hinterland of coastal ports, East Henan Plain can connect port cities representing advanced productive forces by railway. With the increasing of commercial interaction, the eastern plain of Henan Province, which is relatively close to the coastal port, has made more achievements than the remote areas. The development of economic situation has greatly changed the commercial geography of East Henan Plain. From 1920 to 1935, in a short period of 15 years, the interior of East Henan Plain changed. Zheng County, Xuchang, Luohe rose rapidly, Zhoukou's commercial trade declined obviously, the provincial capital Kaifeng also lost its former economic dominance. The commercial traffic in Henan Province was dominated by waterways in the late Qing Dynasty. Henan's four major water systems: the Yellow River, the Huaihe River, the Hanshui River, the Wei River, formed four water transportation hubs, namely "four famous towns": Zhu Xian, Zhoukou, Shunqi and Daokou. With the rise of the railway and the evolution of the Republic of China, the commercial towns in Henan changed from four famous towns to a railway hub, that is, 14 counties with "cities" set up in the late Republic of China. The eastern plain of Henan is a good microcosm in the rapid change of this commercial geography. The measurement of commercial scale and the external economic relationship are the key points to discuss the commercial development situation of East Henan Plain. The per capita purchasing power in eastern Henan reflects the level of regional commercial scale to a certain extent, and compared with the port cities in the north and south, we can make a discussion on the ownership of the hinterland in the eastern part of Henan. In addition, the change of economic status in Henan Province can directly reflect the speed and level of the development of East Henan Plain. All these are aimed at the business geography of this area and make different angle analysis. After such three aspects of the discussion, can outline the eastern part of the commercial geography and changes in the situation. Analyze the geographical space distribution in the economic life, outline the commercial operation situation in the geographical space.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F729

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