共享单车网络分析及其优化调度研究

发布时间：2018-09-10 09:28

【摘要】：近几年来,随着我国经济的发展和居民收入的提高,私人轿车已经成为大多数普通百姓的代步工具。随着私家轿车数量的迅速增加,不少城市逐步呈现出交通拥堵、空气污染、燃油紧缺等“城市病”问题,并有加速恶化的趋势。为缓解不良趋势,共享交通应运而生。共享交通是一种与交通规划、城市发展、综合治理相结合的智慧型、共享型的交通发展理念。共享单车交通系统以其低碳环保、资金和基础设施投入少、便民惠民等优势,成为有效代替步行的短途共享交通系统,同时调整了城市出行结构,实现了城市交通的可持续发展。共享单车网络研究及优化调度契合当下我国绿色、创新、协调、开放、共享的五大发展理念,将中国的交通引向更少的生产消耗、更低的资源浪费、更有效的资源利用和互利共赢的新模式。因此本文以共享单车网络为研究对象,对网络特征值和聚类子群进行了分析,并结合网络特征值和聚类子群情况分析,建立优化调度的模型,寻求最优调度策略。本文研究内容及结论如下:(1)网络特征值具有高度值的单车站点担任了不可小觑的交通换乘枢纽职责,因此呈现出与更多周边站点产生联系的特征,应考虑扩大其规模以此提高共享单车的整体利用效率,并考虑设置调度中心;(2)对研究区域内共享单车网络凝聚子群分析发现:子群中密度值最高的凝聚子群使用效率的提升将会影响到其它子群单车运行效率。该子群对共享单车的使用效率具有最大的贡献度,所以应重点考虑该子群内站点的规模设计和管理,并以此为参照划分调度区域;(3)提出了两种调度模型。一种是仅考虑最短距离和调度需求量的一般线性规划调度模型,求解得到一般线性规划最优策略;一种是考虑行驶时间、调度车容量、运营成本等因素的限制,提出了基于通行费用和效益的整数线性规划模型,并运用列生成算法进行求解,得出最优策略供调度者进行选择;(4)实例分析部分完成了对青州共享交通网络的构建,并对网络的中心性、中间中心性、结构洞、凝聚子群进行了分析。通过网络特征值选出局部网络并进行路线的优化调度,找出最优调度策略,验证了优化调度模型的可行性。本文运用社会网络分析法分析共享单车网络的特征量和凝聚子群情况,以此为基础确立调度中心和调度区域,并提出的优化调度模型为交通管理部门提供了一种区域内交通调度的新思路,具有一定的现实借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of Chinese economy and the improvement of residents' income, private cars have become the means of most ordinary people. With the rapid increase in the number of private cars, many cities are gradually showing traffic congestion, air pollution, fuel shortage and other "urban diseases", and there is a tendency to accelerate the deterioration. In order to alleviate the bad trend, shared traffic emerged as the times require. Shared traffic is a kind of intelligent and shared traffic development concept combined with traffic planning, urban development and comprehensive management. With its advantages of low carbon and environmental protection, less investment in capital and infrastructure, and convenience to the people, the shared bicycle transportation system has become an effective alternative to the short distance shared transportation system for walking, and has also adjusted the urban travel structure. The sustainable development of urban traffic is realized. The research and optimal scheduling of shared bicycle network are in line with the five development concepts of green, innovation, coordination, openness and sharing, which lead to less production consumption and less waste of resources in China. More effective use of resources and win-win new model. In this paper, we analyze the network eigenvalues and cluster subgroups, and combine the network eigenvalues and clustering subgroups to establish the optimal scheduling model and search for the optimal scheduling strategy. The contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) Cycling stations with high eigenvalues play the important role of transport transfer hub, so they have the characteristics of connecting with more surrounding stations. Consideration should be given to increasing its size in order to improve the overall efficiency of shared bikes, Considering the setting of dispatching center; (2) analyzing the coacervation subgroup of shared single vehicle network in the study area, it is found that the improvement of the efficiency of the condensed subgroup with the highest density in the subgroup will affect the running efficiency of other subgroups. The subgroup has the greatest contribution to the efficiency of shared bicycle, so we should focus on the design and management of the site in the sub-group, and use it as a reference to divide the scheduling area. (3) two scheduling models are proposed. One is a general linear programming scheduling model which only considers the shortest distance and the scheduling demand, and the other is to obtain the optimal strategy of the general linear programming, and to consider the constraints of the travel time, the capacity of the dispatching vehicle, the operation cost, and so on. The integer linear programming model based on the cost and benefit is proposed, and the algorithm of column generation is used to solve the problem, and the optimal strategy is obtained for the scheduler to choose. (4) the example analysis part completes the construction of the Qingzhou shared traffic network. The centrality, middle centrality, structural holes and condensed subgroups of the network are analyzed. The local network is selected by the eigenvalue of the network and the optimal scheduling strategy is found. The feasibility of the optimal scheduling model is verified. In this paper, the characteristic quantity and condensed subgroup of shared bicycle network are analyzed by means of social network analysis method, and the dispatching center and dispatching area are established on the basis of this analysis. The proposed optimal scheduling model provides a new idea for traffic management departments in the area of traffic scheduling, which has a certain practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：山东科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F724.6;F572

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