中国出口贸易的碳排放问题研究
发布时间：2019-05-13 23:23
【摘要】：纵观世界经济发展史，工业革命和新兴科学技术的发展使发达国家乃至发展中国家经济突飞猛进，创造了空前的经济繁荣，然而人类在开发自然资源，发展经济的同时，也给环境带来了破坏，各国对化石燃料的消耗量不断增加，由此导致二氧化碳等气体的排放量与日俱增。全球变暖，生态污染加剧等一系列问题成为制约全球可持续发展的阻碍，因此探寻一种既能保证经济发展速度，又能兼顾环境质量的低碳经济模式成为世界各国今后发展的共同主题。 国际分工的日益深化，国际贸易的不断发展，使二氧化碳游走于各个贸易国家，如何应对国际减排已是国际焦点。作为一个贸易大国，中国对外贸易依存度一直很高，出口是拉动经济增长必不可少的一驾马车，，而碳排放量的增加亦是出口贸易高速发展所必不可免的现象，因此合理测算中国国内生产以及出口贸易中所含的碳排放量和碳排放强度，研究我国出口贸易中不同行业的减排空间，明确中国出口贸易与碳排放之间的关系，对于今后我国出口贸易的转型以及实现出口贸易低碳排放具有重要的意义。 本文主要建立在出口贸易对碳排放作用机制的理论基础之上，结合中国现有出口贸易以及碳排放的现状分析，着重通过计量经济学分析方法检验中国出口规模与碳排放之间的关系，通过验证发现中国出口贸易规模与碳排放量之间存在单向格兰杰因果关系，中国出口贸易的不断扩大是碳排放量增加的一个重要原因。其次运用投入产出法大致测算中国出口贸易中各行业的碳排放强度和碳排放量，以此来划分中国出口贸易中的高碳行业、中碳行业和低碳行业，为不同碳排放强度的出口行业提供合理的减排空间，同时通过比较分析，发现出口商品结构和技术水平是影响中国出口贸易中碳排放量的重要因素。 通过经济学理论分析和实证检验，本文认为中国出口贸易的高碳排放主要是因为中国较高的外贸依存度和较大出口规模、出口商品结构不合理、减排技术不成熟等三方面原因，其次是能源生产和消费结构不合理、宽松的碳排放规制等方面的制约。 最后论文针对中国出口贸易中大量的碳排放量以及巨大的减排压力提出中国出口贸易的减排的政策建议。为减少中国出口贸易中的碳排放量，主要应从以下几方面入手：调整我国的能源消费结构、优化出口商品结构、加强研发力度以及引进减排技术、加强国际合作交流争取谈判主动权等。
[Abstract]:Throughout the history of world economic development, the industrial revolution and the development of new science and technology have made the economies of developed and even developing countries advance by leaps and bounds and created unprecedented economic prosperity. however, while human beings are developing natural resources and developing the economy, It has also caused damage to the environment, and the consumption of fossil fuels is increasing, resulting in the increasing emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases. A series of problems, such as global warming and increased ecological pollution, have become obstacles to global sustainable development, so exploring a way to ensure the speed of economic development. The low-carbon economic model, which can take into account environmental quality, has become the common theme of the future development of all countries in the world. With the deepening of international division of labor and the continuous development of international trade, how to deal with international emission reduction has become the international focus. As a big trading country, China's dependence on foreign trade has always been very high. Exports are an indispensable vehicle for stimulating economic growth, and the increase in carbon emissions is also an inevitable phenomenon for the rapid development of export trade. Therefore, we should reasonably measure the carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity contained in China's domestic production and export trade, study the emission reduction space of different industries in China's export trade, and clarify the relationship between China's export trade and carbon emissions. It is of great significance for the transformation of China's export trade and the realization of low-carbon emissions from export trade in the future. This paper is mainly based on the theory of the mechanism of export trade on carbon emissions, combined with the analysis of China's existing export trade and the current situation of carbon emissions. The relationship between China's export scale and carbon emissions is tested by econometric analysis, and it is found that there is a one-way Granger causality between the scale of China's export trade and carbon emissions. The continuous expansion of China's export trade is an important reason for the increase in carbon emissions. Secondly, the input-output method is used to roughly calculate the carbon emission intensity and carbon emissions of various industries in China's export trade, so as to divide the high-carbon industry, medium-carbon industry and low-carbon industry in China's export trade. It provides a reasonable emission reduction space for export industries with different carbon emission intensities. At the same time, through comparative analysis, it is found that the structure of export commodities and the level of technology are the important factors affecting carbon emissions in China's export trade. Through economic theoretical analysis and empirical test, this paper holds that the high carbon emissions of China's export trade are mainly due to China's high dependence on foreign trade and large export scale, unreasonable structure of export commodities, immature emission reduction technology and so on. Secondly, the unreasonable structure of energy production and consumption, loose carbon emission regulations and other constraints. Finally, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the emission reduction of China's export trade in view of the large amount of carbon emissions in China's export trade and the huge pressure to reduce emissions. In order to reduce carbon emissions in China's export trade, we should mainly start with the following aspects: adjusting China's energy consumption structure, optimizing the structure of export commodities, strengthening research and development efforts and introducing emission reduction technology. Strengthen international cooperation and exchanges and strive for the initiative of negotiations, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F752.62
本文编号：2476260
[Abstract]:Throughout the history of world economic development, the industrial revolution and the development of new science and technology have made the economies of developed and even developing countries advance by leaps and bounds and created unprecedented economic prosperity. however, while human beings are developing natural resources and developing the economy, It has also caused damage to the environment, and the consumption of fossil fuels is increasing, resulting in the increasing emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases. A series of problems, such as global warming and increased ecological pollution, have become obstacles to global sustainable development, so exploring a way to ensure the speed of economic development. The low-carbon economic model, which can take into account environmental quality, has become the common theme of the future development of all countries in the world. With the deepening of international division of labor and the continuous development of international trade, how to deal with international emission reduction has become the international focus. As a big trading country, China's dependence on foreign trade has always been very high. Exports are an indispensable vehicle for stimulating economic growth, and the increase in carbon emissions is also an inevitable phenomenon for the rapid development of export trade. Therefore, we should reasonably measure the carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity contained in China's domestic production and export trade, study the emission reduction space of different industries in China's export trade, and clarify the relationship between China's export trade and carbon emissions. It is of great significance for the transformation of China's export trade and the realization of low-carbon emissions from export trade in the future. This paper is mainly based on the theory of the mechanism of export trade on carbon emissions, combined with the analysis of China's existing export trade and the current situation of carbon emissions. The relationship between China's export scale and carbon emissions is tested by econometric analysis, and it is found that there is a one-way Granger causality between the scale of China's export trade and carbon emissions. The continuous expansion of China's export trade is an important reason for the increase in carbon emissions. Secondly, the input-output method is used to roughly calculate the carbon emission intensity and carbon emissions of various industries in China's export trade, so as to divide the high-carbon industry, medium-carbon industry and low-carbon industry in China's export trade. It provides a reasonable emission reduction space for export industries with different carbon emission intensities. At the same time, through comparative analysis, it is found that the structure of export commodities and the level of technology are the important factors affecting carbon emissions in China's export trade. Through economic theoretical analysis and empirical test, this paper holds that the high carbon emissions of China's export trade are mainly due to China's high dependence on foreign trade and large export scale, unreasonable structure of export commodities, immature emission reduction technology and so on. Secondly, the unreasonable structure of energy production and consumption, loose carbon emission regulations and other constraints. Finally, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the emission reduction of China's export trade in view of the large amount of carbon emissions in China's export trade and the huge pressure to reduce emissions. In order to reduce carbon emissions in China's export trade, we should mainly start with the following aspects: adjusting China's energy consumption structure, optimizing the structure of export commodities, strengthening research and development efforts and introducing emission reduction technology. Strengthen international cooperation and exchanges and strive for the initiative of negotiations, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F752.62
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本文编号：2476260
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