普惠金融背景下甘肃省金融扶贫问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 01:25

本文选题：甘肃省　切入点：普惠金融　出处：《甘肃农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：甘肃省地处西北欠发达地区,自然条件恶劣、返贫率高,目前贫困人口规模位居全国第7位,贫困发生率列全国第2位,贫困问题已成为甘肃省农村经济社会发展中最突出的“短板”,甘肃省脱贫攻坚形势依然复杂严峻。近年来,普惠金融发展迅速,其核心理念强调让每个人民群众都能够享受到现代的金融服务,得到了世界范围内广泛地推广。甘肃省积极探索金融扶贫发展之路,努力将财政与金融深度融合,先后采取了高强度的扶贫政策和资金投入方式,金融扶贫成效显著。农村地区贫困人口规模大幅度缩减,贫困发生率持续下降,贫困户人均纯收入水平明显提高。基于此,对普惠金融背景下甘肃省金融扶贫问题进行研究,既可及时总结省内扶贫经验,为各金融机构今后有效开展金融精准扶贫提供决策依据,又有利于解决区域性整体脱贫难题,加快甘肃省打赢脱贫攻坚战的步伐。本研究采用定性分析法对甘肃省农村金融服务发展现状进行分析,研究发现:近年来,甘肃省农村地区金融基础设施不断完善,涉农贷款规模逐渐扩大,金融产品与服务方式持续推新,金融服务供给能力显著增强,贫困户融资难、贷款贵等问题得到有效解决,一定程度上满足了农村地区全方位、多元化、多层次的资金需求。但农村贫困地区普惠金融发展缓慢,金融服务供需矛盾突出,金融排斥依然严重,金融服务“最后一公里”的问题仍有待继续解决。在此基础上,应用实证分析法对贫困地区中各类金融机构的扶贫状况以及对甘肃特色扶贫信贷产品“双联惠农贷款、双业贷款、精准扶贫专项贷款”的实施效益进行了分析,综合得出:各金融机构勇于承担扶贫重任,积极创新扶贫服务方式,努力探索扶贫机制,已取得了较明显的扶贫成效。但甘肃省金融扶贫同时也存在诸如金融组织功能缺陷、金融服务对接失衡、抵押担保发展滞后、扶贫效率低和成本高、信贷风险保障缺失等问题。此外,根据甘肃省各贫困地区扶贫特点,总结分析了“陇南”、“临夏”、“定西”、“庆阳”等几种省内典型的金融扶贫形式。探索性的运用DEMATEL模型对甘肃省金融扶贫的影响因素进行定量分析,研究得出:政府方面相关因素对金融扶贫的影响程度最大,政府在金融扶贫过程中处于主体地位,央行层面和金融机构自身因素对扶贫的影响较大,贫困人口层面对金融扶贫的影响程度最小。针对甘肃省金融扶贫存在的问题及影响因素,尝试着从微观层面、中观层面、宏观层面三个方面构建甘肃省金融扶贫体系,以此为甘肃省各金融机构今后长期有效扶贫提供完善的制度保障。综合以上甘肃省金融扶贫现状、存在的问题及影响因素,从精确瞄准贷款对象、合理规划贷款用途、创新信贷扶贫方式、严格加强风险防范、积极扶持承贷银行、完善考核约束机制等六个角度提出了甘肃省金融持续扶贫的建议。
[Abstract]:Gansu Province is located in the underdeveloped areas of the northwest, with poor natural conditions and high poverty return rate. At present, the scale of the poor population ranks seventh in the country, and the incidence of poverty ranks second in the country. Poverty has become the most prominent "short board" in the rural economic and social development of Gansu Province, and the situation of overcoming poverty in Gansu Province is still complex and severe. In recent years, inclusive finance has developed rapidly. Its core concept emphasizes that every people can enjoy modern financial services and has been widely promoted worldwide. Gansu Province has actively explored the road of financial poverty alleviation and development, and has worked hard to integrate finance and finance deeply. Financial poverty alleviation has achieved remarkable results. The size of the poor population in rural areas has been greatly reduced, the incidence of poverty has continued to decline, and the per capita net income of poor households has increased significantly. The study on the financial poverty alleviation in Gansu Province in the context of inclusive finance can not only sum up the experience of poverty alleviation in the province in time, but also provide decision-making basis for the financial institutions to effectively carry out the financial accurate poverty alleviation in the future, and also help to solve the problem of poverty alleviation in the region as a whole. This study uses qualitative analysis method to analyze the development of rural financial services in Gansu Province. The study found that: in recent years, the financial infrastructure in rural areas of Gansu Province has been continuously improved. The scale of agriculture-related loans has been gradually expanded, financial products and services have been continuously renewed, the supply capacity of financial services has been significantly enhanced, the financing of poor households has been difficult, and the problems of expensive loans have been effectively solved, to a certain extent meeting the overall needs of rural areas. Diversified and multi-level capital needs. However, the development of inclusive finance in poor rural areas is slow, the contradiction between the supply and demand of financial services is prominent, the financial exclusion is still serious, and the "last kilometer" problem of financial services still needs to be continued to be solved. On this basis, The paper analyzes the poverty alleviation situation of various financial institutions in the poverty-stricken areas and the implementation benefits of Gansu special poverty alleviation credit products, such as "double benefit loan, double industry loan, precision poverty alleviation special loan", using the empirical analysis method to analyze the poverty alleviation situation of various financial institutions in the poverty-stricken areas. It is concluded that the financial institutions have the courage to shoulder the important task of helping the poor, actively innovate the service mode of poverty alleviation, and strive to explore the mechanism of poverty alleviation, which has achieved more obvious results in poverty alleviation. However, the financial poverty alleviation in Gansu Province also has some defects such as the function of financial organizations. The imbalance of financial services, the lagging of mortgage guarantee development, the low efficiency and high cost of poverty alleviation, the lack of credit risk protection, etc. In addition, according to the characteristics of poverty alleviation in various poverty-stricken areas of Gansu Province, This paper summarizes and analyzes several typical forms of financial poverty alleviation in Gansu Province, such as Longnan, Linxia, Dingxi, Qingyang, etc. The exploratory use of DEMATEL model is used to quantitatively analyze the influencing factors of financial poverty alleviation in Gansu Province. The results show that the government has the greatest influence on the financial poverty alleviation, the government is in the main position in the process of financial poverty alleviation, and the central bank level and the financial institutions themselves have a greater impact on poverty alleviation. In view of the problems and influencing factors of financial poverty alleviation in Gansu Province, this paper tries to construct the financial poverty alleviation system of Gansu Province from three aspects: micro level, meso level and macro level. In this way, the financial institutions in Gansu Province can provide a sound system for the long-term and effective poverty alleviation in the future. By synthesizing the present situation, existing problems and influencing factors of the financial poverty alleviation in Gansu Province, the paper aims at the loan target accurately and reasonably plans the loan use. This paper puts forward the suggestions of sustainable poverty alleviation in Gansu Province from the six angles of innovating the way of helping the poor by credit, strictly strengthening the risk prevention, actively supporting the banks accepting loans, and perfecting the examination and restraint mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8;F832.4

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