湖北省农村金融扶贫体系研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 03:46

本文选题：农村金融 + 金融扶贫　；参考：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：如何消除贫困是世界各国均面临的难题。新中国成立后,我国主要依靠财政资金进行救济式扶贫。改革开放后,我国农村地区开始实行了经济体制改革,农民收入水平不断提高,农村贫困人口规模不断减少。1986年我国开始实施大规模的开发式扶贫,在此阶段开始采用金融方式,通过信贷扶贫政策,变传统的输血式扶贫为造血式扶贫。1994年国家开始实施八七扶贫攻坚计划,扶贫贷款政策放开,我国开始初步探索金融扶贫这一扶贫方式。同时,我国引入了孟加拉"格兰珉银行模式",小额信贷开始试点并获得推广。2004年,我国开始进行了农村金融体制改革,农村金融扶贫体系得到初步发展。经过20多年的改革,我国现已初步建立起包括政府管理部门、开发性金融、政策性金融、合作性金融、商业性金融以及新型农村金融机构在内的多元的农村金融扶贫体系。农村金融机构是金融扶贫事业开展的基础与保障。只有不断完善农村金融组织体系,处理好扶贫各相关主体之间的关系,充分调动金融机构参与扶贫事业的自主性和积极性,建立起有序、完备、高效、可持续发展的农村金融扶贫体系,才能充分发挥金融在扶贫事业中的显著作用,发挥金融扶贫的优越性。目前,我国虽已建立起初具规模的农村金融扶贫体系,但如何完善农村金融扶贫体系,使其不断适应新形势下农村金融扶贫事业的需要仍是一项重要的课题。同时,如何处理好该体系中政府管理部门内部,政府管理部门与各参与扶贫的金融主体,政策性、开发性、商业性、合作性以及新型农村金融机构之间的关系,充分发挥其扶贫的功能,使其形成扶贫合力,从而构建出一个有序、完备、高效、可持续发展的农村金融扶贫体系仍需要不断探索。本文以以上问题为指引,探究了改革开放以来湖北省农村地区金融扶贫的历史沿革,梳理总结了农村金融扶贫体系中各相关主体的扶贫方式及其涉及的相关业务,以湖北省为例,指出了其目前金融扶贫体系中存在的各主体间的职责安排的无序、部分金融主体的缺失缺位、相关主体功能发挥的不到位和缺乏可持续性造血扶贫的根基等问题。最后,从有序性、完备性、高效性、可持续性四个角度出发,对以上存在的问题提出了相关的建议,认为首先要厘清各级政府的职责、政府和市场的关系、市场各金融主体应扮演的角色和承担的扶贫业务,防止扶贫金融机构争夺风险低、成本低、收益高的大型项目,而对于针对贫困户的小额贷款项目无人问津现象的出现,让金融扶贫体系有序运转。其次,应不断完善相关的配套设施,重视农村贫困群体信用体系的构建和信息共享机制的建设,为金融扶贫体系的有效运转打下良好的基础,提供优良的条件。再次各金融扶贫主体应加强协作,提高扶贫的效率。最后,从融智角度,提出要重视贫困地区金融知识的传播和金融意识的形成,改变贫困群众以往坐等政府救济的思路,树立自食其力、自谋发展、有偿使用扶贫资金的意识,不断提高生产能力,从根源上脱离贫困。
[Abstract]:How to eliminate poverty is a difficult problem all over the world. After the founding of new China, our country mainly relied on financial funds to relieve the poverty alleviation. After the reform and opening up, the rural areas began to carry out the economic system reform, the farmers' income level was continuously improved, and the scale of the rural poor population decreased in.1986 years, and China began to implement large-scale opening. In this stage, we begin to adopt the financial way, and begin to adopt the financial way, through the credit poverty alleviation policy, change the traditional blood transfusion type of poverty alleviation for.1994 years to implement the 87 poverty alleviation program, the poverty alleviation loan policy is open, our country begins to explore the way of financial poverty alleviation. "Model", micro credit began to pilot and popularized.2004 years, China began to reform the rural financial system and the rural financial poverty alleviation system has been preliminarily developed. After 20 years of reform, China has initially established the government management department, development finance, policy finance, cooperative finance, commercial finance and new agriculture. The rural financial institutions, including the pluralistic rural financial poverty alleviation system, the rural financial institutions are the foundation and guarantee of the financial poverty alleviation undertakings. It is only to improve the rural financial organization system, deal with the relations between the relevant bodies of the poverty alleviation, and fully mobilize the autonomy and enthusiasm of the financial institutions to participate in the poverty alleviation industry, and establish an orderly and orderly way. In order to prepare, highly efficient and sustainable rural financial poverty alleviation system, we can give full play to the significant role of Finance in the undertakings of poverty alleviation and give full play to the superiority of financial poverty alleviation. At present, although the rural financial poverty alleviation system has been set up in our country, how to improve the rural financial support poverty system and make it adapt to the rural financial poverty alleviation under the new situation. The need for the cause is still an important subject. At the same time, how to deal with the relationship between government management departments and the financial bodies involved in poverty alleviation, policy, development, commercial, cooperative and new rural financial institutions, and to make full use of the function of poverty alleviation, so as to make it form the joint force of poverty alleviation, The construction of an orderly, complete, efficient and sustainable rural financial poverty alleviation system still needs to be explored. This paper, guided by the above problems, explores the historical evolution of financial poverty alleviation in rural areas of Hubei province since the reform and opening up, and summarizes the ways of poverty alleviation and the related subjects involved in the rural financial poverty alleviation system. The related business, taking Hubei Province as an example, points out the disorderly arrangement of responsibilities among the various subjects in the current financial poverty alleviation system, the absence of some financial subjects, the lack of the functions of the related subjects and the foundation of the lack of sustainable hematopoiesis and poverty alleviation. Finally, the four aspects are in order, completeness, efficiency and sustainability. From the point of view, some suggestions are put forward for the above problems. It is believed that first of all, we should clarify the responsibilities of the governments at all levels, the relationship between the government and the market, the role of the financial entities in the market and the support of the poverty alleviation business, and prevent the poor financial institutions from competing for large projects with low risk, low cost and high income, and a small scale for the poor. Second, we should improve the construction of the credit system and the construction of information sharing mechanism, lay a good foundation for the effective operation of the financial poverty alleviation system and provide excellent conditions for the financial aid to the poor again. The main body should strengthen cooperation and improve the efficiency of poverty alleviation. Finally, from the point of view of melting intelligence, we should pay attention to the dissemination of financial knowledge and the formation of financial awareness in the poor areas, change the thinking of the poor people in the past and wait for the government relief, set up self-reliance and self-development, use the consciousness of helping the poor funds, and constantly improve their productive capacity and take off their roots. From poverty.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8;F832.4

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