德日韩典型政策性银行发展的经验与启示

发布时间：2018-07-09 11:16

本文选题：政策性银行 + 财政金融　；参考：《中国财政科学研究院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：从相关国家的实践看,政策性银行在经济发展和社会进步过程中发挥了举足轻重的作用。它们在宏观层面支撑了国家战略目标的实施,在微观层面上满足了农业发展和中小企业的金融服务需求,对于弥补商业性银行的缺陷发挥了重要作用。在上世纪六七十年代,从世界各国的实践看,不管是发展中国家还是发达国家,政策性银行作为政府干预经济、促进社会进步的手段被广泛运用。但各国运用结果迥然不同:一方面很多国家,如德国、日本、韩国等,它们的政策性银行经营状况良好、体系完备,充分发挥了弥补市场失灵、促进国家经济均衡发展的作用;另一方面,如亚洲的菲律宾、北非、拉美等地区,政策性银行在日常经营过程中效率低下、职能弱化,它们不仅增加了政府财政负担,也扰乱了金融市场的正常秩序,影响了经济的平稳运行。1994年以来我国三家政策性银行相继建立,它们积极贯彻产业政策、宏观调控政策和对外经贸政策,在推动我国产业调整、促进农业和农村经济发展、提高我国企业和出口商品国际竞争力、缓解经济发展的瓶颈制约等方面发挥了重要作用。然而伴随我国社会主义市场经济发展和改革深化,政策性银行受到了一系列的冲击和挑战。现阶段,对政策性金融本质认识模糊、政策性银行职能定位存在偏差等问题严重影响了我国政策性银行的功能发挥和健康发展。本文试图提出政策性银行的理论分析框架,在此基础之上,对德国、日本、韩国的政策性银行实践进行分析和研究,探讨政策性银行的政策性职能定位与市场化运作原则,揭示政策性银行作为政策性金融制度载体而存在的必要性及长期性。本文认为政策性银行要始终明确政策性职能定位,坚持政策导向,通过运用市场化经营手段更好地发挥政策性银行对财政资金的撬动作用以及对社会资本的引导作用。为此,我国政策性银行改革必须坚持政策导向与市场化运作相结合的原则,以法律制度保障政策性目标实现,同时要强化政策性银行的业务约束机制,确保其根据国家战略适时调整自身业务范围,避免与商业银行开展不公平竞争,扰乱市场秩序。此外,为维持自身可持续发展,也为维护金融市场稳定,政策性银行要审慎监管,防范风险。
[Abstract]:From the practice of relevant countries, policy banks play an important role in the process of economic development and social progress. They support the implementation of national strategic goals at the macro level and meet the needs of agricultural development and the financial services of small and medium-sized enterprises at the micro level. They play an important role in making up for the shortcomings of commercial banks. In the sixties and seventies of last century, from the practice of various countries in the world, whether developing or developed countries, policy banks are widely used as the means of government intervention in economy and promoting social progress. On the one hand, many countries, such as Germany, Japan, South Korea and so on, have a good operating condition and a complete system of policy banks, which make up for market failure and promote the balanced development of national economy. On the other hand, in the Philippines, North Africa, Latin America and other regions in Asia, policy banks are inefficient and weak in their daily operations. They not only increase the financial burden on the government, but also disrupt the normal order of the financial markets. It has affected the smooth operation of the economy. Since 1994, three policy banks in China have been established one after another. They have actively implemented industrial policies, macro-control policies, and foreign economic and trade policies in order to promote industrial readjustment in our country and promote the development of agriculture and rural economy. It plays an important role in improving the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises and export commodities and easing the bottleneck of economic development. However, with the development of socialist market economy and the deepening of reform, policy banks have been subjected to a series of shocks and challenges. At present, the vague understanding of the nature of policy-oriented finance and the deviation in the function orientation of policy-oriented banks have seriously affected the function and healthy development of policy-oriented banks in China. This paper tries to put forward the theoretical analysis framework of policy banks, on the basis of which, it analyzes and studies the practice of policy banks in Germany, Japan and Korea, and probes into the orientation of policy functions and the principles of market-oriented operation of policy banks. It reveals the necessity and long-term existence of policy bank as the carrier of policy financial system. This paper holds that policy-oriented banks should always define the orientation of policy-oriented functions, adhere to policy-oriented policies, and make better use of market-oriented management means to better play the role of policy-oriented banks in leveraging financial funds and guiding social capital. Therefore, the reform of policy-oriented banks in China must adhere to the principle of combining policy guidance with market-oriented operation, and guarantee the realization of policy objectives by means of legal system, and at the same time strengthen the business restraint mechanism of policy-oriented banks. To ensure that it adjusts its business scope according to national strategy, avoids unfair competition with commercial banks and disrupts market order. In addition, in order to maintain their own sustainable development, but also to maintain the stability of financial markets, policy banks should prudently supervise and guard against risks.
【学位授予单位】：中国财政科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F831.2

【相似文献】