外商对华直接投资的诱因分析

发布时间：2018-08-01 14:40

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国凭借着广阔市场、丰富物产、廉价劳动力、优惠政策、稳定的社会环境等优势,吸引了大量外资的涌入,为我国的社会和经济发展带来了先进的技术和丰富的管理经验,使我国的经济由此进入快速发展的轨道,2014年,我国引入外商投资总额超越美国,荣登全球吸引外商投资的首位。展望未来,我国经济建设将引来新常态,经济状况从“短缺经济”过渡到“过剩经济”,外商对华投资也将进入一个新的历史时期。同时,我们也看到了当前我国吸引外商对华直接投资还存在着诸多问题,一是外资增速减缓,引资质量有待提高;二是产业结构存在偏差,有待调整优化;三是投资的区域分布不均,产业梯度转移有待提速;四是投资方式,并购、独资化明显,带来安全隐患;五是外资来源国相对单一,制约技术的升级换代。这些问题的存在必将对供给侧结构性改革带来影响,阻碍我国的经济发展。为此,必须通过研究找出这些问题产生的原因,依托供给侧结构性改革,打造良好的投资环境,吸引更多外商来华投资,使外商投资的产业结构、区位选择、外资来源结构、投资方式更贴近我国的经济发展战略,让外商投资更好地服务于我国经济的发展。本文主要分析外商对华直接投资的诱因,在回顾国内外直接投资理论的基础上,选用较贴合我国国情的投资诱发要素组合理论为主要理论分析依据,在中外学者研究的基础上,选取影响外商直接投资的直接诱因以及间接诱因进行分析,论述由于在这些诱因上存在着差异,影响着外商直接投资在投资质量、产业结构、区位选择、投资方式,外资来源地等方面的选择,造成目前我国在吸引外资上的问题。运用案例进行比较分析,对外商直接投资的诱因进行比对,论证国家或地区间由于在外商直接投资直接诱因和间接诱因上存在差异,从而导致外商直接投资在投资规模、产业结构、和区位等选择的不同。我国东中西部地区在市场,劳动力,外资政策,基础设施建设,投资环境等因素上存在差异,决定了外商对华直接投资在规模上呈现出东高西低的现状,在产业结构上更是体现出东部地区以高端制造业和现代服务业的投资为主,而中西部则更倾向于在加工型制造业上的投资。我国与印度、越南、孟加拉国相比,我国在影响外商直接投资的市场规模、基础设施、劳动力数量及劳动力素质等因素上具有明显优势,但我国劳动力成本远超三国,直接影响着外商直接投资,是造成制造业流失的决定因素。目前我国吸引外商直接投资所面临的问题,同时也是当前供给侧结构性改革存在的问题,解决这些问题需依赖于供给侧结构性改革来加快外资产品的技术创新和技术进步,加快产业的结构升级和转换、以此推进我国的体制创新,更好地利用我国吸引外资的有利因素,扬长避短,错位发展,提升我国利用外资的竞争力和质量,更好地利用外资为我国经济发展服务,为我国的社会和经济发展的重大战略提供支撑。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China has attracted the influx of a large number of foreign investment by virtue of its vast market, rich products, cheap labor, preferential policies, stable social environment and so on. It has brought advanced technology and rich management experience for the social and economic development of our country, so that the economy of our country has entered the track of rapid development, in 2014, China In the future, China's economic construction will lead to a new normal situation, the economic situation from "short economy" to "surplus economy", and foreign investment in China will also enter a new historical period in the future. There are many problems in direct investment, one is that the growth of foreign capital is slowed down and the quality of investment needs to be improved; two, there is a deviation in the industrial structure, which needs to be adjusted and optimized; three, the regional distribution of investment is uneven, the industrial gradient transfer needs to be speeded up; the four is the investment mode, the merger, the sole proprietorship, the hidden danger of security, and the five is a relatively single source country, five The existence of these problems will inevitably affect the structural reform of the supply side and impede the economic development of our country. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the causes of these problems through the study, relying on the structural reform of the supply side, creating a good investment environment, attracting more foreign investment to China, and making the industrial knot of foreign investment. The structure, the location choice, the foreign capital structure, the investment way close to the economic development strategy of our country, and make the foreign investment better serve our country's economic development. This paper mainly analyzes the inducement of foreign direct investment to China. On the basis of reviewing the domestic and foreign direct investment theory, it selects the investment inducing factor group which is more appropriate to the national conditions of our country. On the basis of the main theoretical analysis, on the basis of Chinese and foreign scholars' research, the paper selects direct incentives and indirect inducements that affect FDI, and discusses the differences in these incentives, which affects the selection of FDI in the quality of investment, industrial structure, location selection, investment mode, and foreign sources. By comparing the inducements of foreign direct investment by comparing the reasons of foreign direct investment by comparison and analysis, this paper demonstrates the difference between the direct and indirect causes of foreign direct investment in the country or region, which leads to the choice of foreign direct investment in the scale of investment, industrial structure, and location. There are differences in the market, labor force, foreign policy, infrastructure construction and investment environment in the eastern and western regions of China, which determines the present situation of foreign direct investment to China on the scale of East and West, and in the industrial structure, the eastern region is mainly invested in high-end manufacturing and modern service industry. Compared with India, Vietnam and Bangladesh, China has obvious advantages over the market size, infrastructure, labor force and quality of labor, but the cost of labor in China is far beyond the three countries, which directly affects foreign direct investment. The determinants of the loss of manufacturing industry. The problem that our country is facing to attract foreign direct investment is also the problem of the current structural reform of the supply side. To solve these problems it is necessary to rely on the structural reform of the supply side to speed up the technological innovation and technological progress of foreign products, and to accelerate the upgrading and transformation of the industrial structure. We should promote the institutional innovation of our country, make better use of the favorable factors of attracting foreign capital in our country, promote the development of our country, improve the competitiveness and quality of our country's utilization of foreign capital, make better use of foreign capital to serve our country's economic development, and provide a support for the great war of our country's social and economic development.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.6

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