供电公司客户信用风险评价研究

发布时间：2018-09-01 21:03

【摘要】：市场经济在中国的发展进程中。信用和风险是在社会经济中并存的两大现象。整个市场经济体如果想要持续健康的运行发展,就必须学会遵守和履行多种经济关系间的信用、将企业风险降到最低。经济活动的各种信用关系伴随着市场经济的发展程度而愈演愈多样化。就目前说,我国经济生活中的信用缺失现象非常恶劣,比如商业欺诈行为、交易双方间不遵守合同、相互拖欠不及时还清债务的经济现象,其在很大程度上限制信用功能的使用,并且日益恶化的信用环境直接造成市场交易成本的增加,很大程度上阻碍了市场资源配置功能的发挥。市场经济的运行中,整顿不稳定因素,使经济秩序有条不紊,使企业信用水平更是一层楼并守互好信用关系,这是极具挑战性的重任。供电公司做好正常收回电费本职工作就行。但是,伴随着供电客户用电量的飞快上升,再加上坏境因素的日益变化,供电公司将面对的挑战是居高不下的电费回收风险。通过研究供电公司在电费回收工作中出现的各种问题,进而提高其风险管理层次,预防产生呆账、坏账及欠费等不良现象,增强供电公司的营运发展能力,是其亟待解决的问题。本文首先详细地阐明了选题背景和选题意义,回顾了国内外信用管理研究的历史和发展现状,国内外研究成果可供参考,供电行业信用评分实践得以借鉴,再加上与从事多年供电客户信用管理的权威人士的交流中所获取的资料,界定目前供电公司信用、信用管理和信用风险管理的相关含义,同时说明供电客户主要存在欠费、窃电的信用不良现象。其次通过分析研究供电客户信用评分指标理论,将目标层分解为客户基本情况、客户外部环境、客户发展前景三个部分,将这三个决策层再具体由客户的偿债能力、盈利能力、客户信誉、行业环境、政府支持、发展能力、行业风险七个子指标构成,设计一套合乎实际的供电客户信用评分指标体系,具体分析并界定影响信用评分体系的诸多要素,在实际分析供电客户上可给予一定程度上的参考价值。在评价模型方面,根据我国供电客户在信用方面的现实发展情况,同模型的可实施性相联系,运用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法两种方法进行评价,并以廊坊供电企业为例,使用其相关数据进行建模得出有效的结论并分析结果,本文实证分析的结果为“较好”,与廊坊供电企业客户信用风险的现实情况相符合,这充分说明该评价模型是科学合理的,该结果对于供电企业客户信用风险管理在某种程度上具有借鉴和参考价值。
[Abstract]:Market economy in China's development process. Credit and risk are two phenomena that coexist in social economy. If the whole market economy wants to run and develop healthily, it must learn to abide by and fulfill the credit between various economic relations, and reduce the enterprise risk to the minimum. With the development of market economy, various credit relations of economic activities become more and more diversified. At present, the phenomenon of lack of credit in our country's economic life is very bad, such as commercial fraud, failure to abide by the contract between the two sides of the transaction, and failure to pay off their debts in a timely manner. It restricts the use of credit function to a great extent, and the deteriorating credit environment directly causes the increase of market transaction cost, which hinders the function of market resource allocation to a great extent. In the operation of the market economy, it is a challenging task to rectify the unstable factors, to make the economic order orderly, to make the credit level of the enterprise more than one floor and to keep a good credit relationship with each other. The power supply company does a good job of normal recovery of electricity charges on the line. However, with the rapid increase in electricity consumption by power customers, coupled with the changing environment, the challenge for power supply companies will be the high risk of electricity recovery. By studying all kinds of problems in electricity recovery work of power supply company, and then raising its risk management level, preventing bad debts, bad debts and arrears and other bad phenomena, enhancing the power supply company's ability of operation and development, It is an urgent problem to be solved. In this paper, the background and significance of the topic are expounded in detail, the history and development of credit management research at home and abroad are reviewed, the research results at home and abroad can be used for reference, and the credit scoring practice of power supply industry can be used for reference. In addition, the information obtained from the exchange with the authoritative personages engaged in the credit management of power supply customers for many years defines the relevant meanings of the credit, credit management and credit risk management of the power supply companies at present. At the same time, it shows that the power supply customers are mainly in arrears. Bad credit for electricity theft. Secondly, through the analysis and study of power supply customer credit scoring index theory, the target layer is decomposed into three parts: customer basic situation, customer external environment, customer development prospect, and the three decision-making layers are divided into three parts: customer's solvency and profitability. Customer reputation, industry environment, government support, development ability and industry risk are composed of seven sub-indicators. A set of practical credit scoring index system for power supply customers is designed, and many factors that affect the credit scoring system are analyzed and defined in detail. In the actual analysis of power supply customers can give a certain degree of reference value. In terms of evaluation model, according to the actual development of power supply customers in our country in the credit aspect, and related to the implementability of the model, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are used to evaluate, and Langfang power supply enterprise is taken as an example. Using the relevant data to model and analyze the results, the empirical results of this paper are "good", which is consistent with the reality of customer credit risk in Langfang power supply enterprise. This fully shows that the evaluation model is scientific and reasonable, and the results have reference value to some extent for customer credit risk management in power supply enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.61;F832.4

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