互联网金融对商业银行盈利结构影响研究
发布时间：2019-01-02 15:28
【摘要】：利率市场化推动下商业银行以利差收入为主的盈利模式将难以为继,商业银行面临着严峻的盈利困境。互联网金融不仅提高了金融交易效率,降低了交易成本,还对传统商业银行的业务盲区进行了有效地补充,但是也分流了部分商业银行传统的利润来源。因此,互联网金融对商业银行盈利结构产生了较大的影响。本文先对我国商业银行的盈利结构和互联网金融的现状进行了分析,然后基于互联网发展的相关理论,分别从净利息收入和非利息收入角度深入探讨三种主要的互联网金融模式对商业银行盈利结构的作用机理。最后,选取了非利息收入占营业收入比重作为因变量,第三方支付规模、P2P网贷规模和互联网理财规模作为自变量,实证分析了互联网金融主要模式对银行的盈利结构影响及程度。研究发现互联网金融在不断发展的同时,我国商业银行的净利润增速逐年递减,不良贷款率攀升。商业银行虽然不断在发展多元化盈利模式,但仍以传统的利差收入为主,非利差收入业务发展缓慢,非利息收入来源单一。另外,从影响机理上看,第三方支付和互联网理财将商业银行闲散活期存款转换为大额定期存款,增加了银行的利息支出,同时通过挤占商业银行相应中间业务,使其手续费及交易佣金减少。P2P网贷通过与商业银行的个人与小微企业贷款业务竞争而减少银行的利息收入,通过直接融通资金链上下游,使银行体系内的闲散活期存款资金流出从而减少非利息收入。实证结果表明,第三方支付模式对商业银行的非利息收入占营业收入比重产生了较大的正向作用,具体为第三方支付规模每增加1个百分点,非利息收入占比升高0.261个百分点,P2P网贷和互联网理财对非利息收入占比的正向作用较小。具体为P2P网贷规模每增加1个百分点,非利息收入占比升高0.074个百分点;互联网理财规模每增加1个百分点,非利息收入占比升高0.0167个百分点。总的来说,互联网金融的发展与商业银行非利息收入占比具有正相关关系,而在股份制银行和城市银行中影响更大,而在国有银行中相对较弱。因此,互联网金融尽管对商业银行的盈利来源进行了冲击,但是有利于商业银行的盈利结构朝着更加合理化、多元化的方向发展,这对其未来盈利的持续稳定增长起到促进作用。
[Abstract]:The profit model of commercial banks based on interest margin income will be difficult to continue under the promotion of interest rate marketization, and commercial banks are facing a severe profit dilemma. Internet finance not only improves the efficiency of financial transactions, reduces transaction costs, but also effectively complements the blind areas of traditional commercial banks, but also distributes the traditional profit sources of some commercial banks. Therefore, Internet finance has a great impact on commercial banks'profit structure. This paper first analyzes the profit structure of commercial banks and the current situation of Internet finance, and then based on the relevant theories of Internet development, From the perspective of net interest income and non-interest income, this paper probes into the mechanism of the three main Internet financial models on the profit structure of commercial banks. Finally, the paper chooses the proportion of non-interest income as dependent variable, third party payment scale, P2P network loan scale and Internet financial management scale as independent variables. This paper empirically analyzes the influence and extent of Internet finance on the profit structure of banks. It is found that with the development of Internet finance, the growth rate of net profit of commercial banks in China is decreasing year by year, and the ratio of non-performing loans (NPLs) is rising. Although commercial banks continue to develop diversified profit models, they still focus on the traditional spread income. The non-interest income business develops slowly and the source of non-interest income is single. In addition, from the perspective of influence mechanism, third party payments and Internet financing will convert idle demand deposits of commercial banks into large time deposits, which will increase the interest expenses of banks, and at the same time, by squeezing out the corresponding intermediate business of commercial banks, P2P network loans reduce bank interest income by competing with commercial banks' individual and microenterprise lending business, and by directly financing the upstream and downstream of the capital chain. The outflow of idle demand deposit funds from the banking system reduces non-interest income. The empirical results show that the third-party payment model has a significant positive effect on the proportion of non-interest income to operating income of commercial banks. The proportion of non-interest income increased 0.261 percentage points, P2P network loans and Internet financing have less positive effect on non-interest income. The ratio of non-interest income to non-interest income increases by 0.074 percentage points for every 1 percentage point increase in P2P network loan scale, and 0.0167 percentage point for non-interest income percentage point for every 1 percentage point increase in Internet financial management scale. In general, the development of Internet finance has a positive correlation with the proportion of non-interest income of commercial banks, while it has more influence in joint-stock banks and urban banks, but relatively weak in state-owned banks. Therefore, although Internet finance has impacted on the profit sources of commercial banks, it is conducive to the development of the profit structure of commercial banks in the direction of more rationalization and diversification. This will contribute to the sustained and steady growth of its future earnings.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F724.6;F832.33
本文编号：2398670
[Abstract]:The profit model of commercial banks based on interest margin income will be difficult to continue under the promotion of interest rate marketization, and commercial banks are facing a severe profit dilemma. Internet finance not only improves the efficiency of financial transactions, reduces transaction costs, but also effectively complements the blind areas of traditional commercial banks, but also distributes the traditional profit sources of some commercial banks. Therefore, Internet finance has a great impact on commercial banks'profit structure. This paper first analyzes the profit structure of commercial banks and the current situation of Internet finance, and then based on the relevant theories of Internet development, From the perspective of net interest income and non-interest income, this paper probes into the mechanism of the three main Internet financial models on the profit structure of commercial banks. Finally, the paper chooses the proportion of non-interest income as dependent variable, third party payment scale, P2P network loan scale and Internet financial management scale as independent variables. This paper empirically analyzes the influence and extent of Internet finance on the profit structure of banks. It is found that with the development of Internet finance, the growth rate of net profit of commercial banks in China is decreasing year by year, and the ratio of non-performing loans (NPLs) is rising. Although commercial banks continue to develop diversified profit models, they still focus on the traditional spread income. The non-interest income business develops slowly and the source of non-interest income is single. In addition, from the perspective of influence mechanism, third party payments and Internet financing will convert idle demand deposits of commercial banks into large time deposits, which will increase the interest expenses of banks, and at the same time, by squeezing out the corresponding intermediate business of commercial banks, P2P network loans reduce bank interest income by competing with commercial banks' individual and microenterprise lending business, and by directly financing the upstream and downstream of the capital chain. The outflow of idle demand deposit funds from the banking system reduces non-interest income. The empirical results show that the third-party payment model has a significant positive effect on the proportion of non-interest income to operating income of commercial banks. The proportion of non-interest income increased 0.261 percentage points, P2P network loans and Internet financing have less positive effect on non-interest income. The ratio of non-interest income to non-interest income increases by 0.074 percentage points for every 1 percentage point increase in P2P network loan scale, and 0.0167 percentage point for non-interest income percentage point for every 1 percentage point increase in Internet financial management scale. In general, the development of Internet finance has a positive correlation with the proportion of non-interest income of commercial banks, while it has more influence in joint-stock banks and urban banks, but relatively weak in state-owned banks. Therefore, although Internet finance has impacted on the profit sources of commercial banks, it is conducive to the development of the profit structure of commercial banks in the direction of more rationalization and diversification. This will contribute to the sustained and steady growth of its future earnings.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F724.6;F832.33
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