我国小额信贷机构可持续发展研究

发布时间：2019-01-18 08:26

【摘要】：小额信贷机构的设立初衷是为低收入人群提供无抵押、无担保的小额信用贷款。从上世纪七十年代发展至今,小额信贷作为金额市场的有益补充,打破了市场失灵、解决了金融排斥问题。目前,小额信贷的供给主体正在从政府和公益性机构转变为商业企业和组织等小额信贷机构,需求主体从贫困人群转为低收入人群、自就业者和微型企业等。自2008年我国政府鼓励小额信贷机构填补金融市场空白发展至今,在经历了迅速扩张到缓慢发展两个阶段后,2016年,小额信贷机构首次出现了机构数目减少的情况。为了满足我国金融市场的发展要求和促进经济增长,小额信贷机构必须实现可持续发展。文章首先阐述了小额信贷机构可持续发展的研究背景与意义,总结了相关研究,确立了文章的研究目标和重点。在界定小额信贷机构可持续发展的相关概念和阐释相关理论基础后,介绍分析我国小额信贷机构的发展历程、现状和具体问题;并通过实证检验分析小额信贷机构绩效实现情况。运用国际上通用的指标评价小额信贷机构的社会效益、财务绩效的实现情况,利用数据包络模型来分析小额信贷机构的多投入产出的方式是否在技术上有效,通过中介法检验了各类型小额信贷机构的财务绩效完成情况和出现的问题。而后,介绍小额信贷机构的发展历程并分析国内外案例以获得经验和启示。通过分析,本文发现我国小额信贷机构的可持续发展不仅是其自身发展的需要,也是我国金融市场和经济增长的需要。根据国际经验,小额信贷机构必须根据一国的实际情况从补贴式福利主义机构转变为商业化可持续机构,为了完成我国小额信贷机构的可持续发展,相关主体都需要做出一定改进。最后,本文提出,要实现我国小额信贷机构的可持续发展,必须在外部通过采取更加灵活的利率政策和更有针对性的监管政策解决小额信贷机构在市场化、商业化改革中遇到的问题,在内部转变经营模式、提高管理水平、创新小额信贷机构服务方式和产品类型,以实现小额信贷机构的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Microfinance institutions were set up to provide low-income people with unsecured, unsecured microcredit loans. From the seventies of the last century, microfinance as a beneficial supplement to the money market has broken the market failure and solved the problem of financial exclusion. At present, the main supply of micro-credit is changing from government and public welfare organizations to micro-credit institutions such as commercial enterprises and organizations, the main body of demand from the poor to low-income people, self-employed and micro-enterprises and so on. Since 2008, our government has encouraged microfinance institutions to fill the gap in the financial market. After two stages of rapid expansion to slow development, the number of microfinance institutions has decreased for the first time in 2016. In order to meet the requirements of financial market development and promote economic growth, microfinance institutions must achieve sustainable development. Firstly, this paper expounds the research background and significance of the sustainable development of microfinance institutions, summarizes the relevant research, and establishes the research objectives and emphases. After defining the relevant concepts of the sustainable development of microfinance institutions and explaining the relevant theoretical basis, this paper introduces and analyzes the development history, current situation and specific problems of microfinance institutions in China. And through the empirical test to analyze the performance of microfinance institutions. The social benefits and financial performance of microfinance institutions are evaluated by international common indicators. The data envelope model is used to analyze whether the multi-input-output mode of microfinance institutions is technically effective. The financial performance and problems of various types of microfinance institutions are tested by intermediary method. Then, the development of microfinance institutions and analysis of domestic and foreign cases to obtain experience and inspiration. Through analysis, this paper finds that the sustainable development of microfinance institutions in China is not only the need of their own development, but also the needs of our financial market and economic growth. According to international experience, microfinance institutions must change from subsidized welfare institutions to commercial sustainable institutions according to the actual situation of a country, in order to achieve the sustainable development of microcredit institutions in our country. Relevant subjects need to make some improvements. Finally, this paper points out that in order to achieve the sustainable development of microfinance institutions in China, we must adopt more flexible interest rate policies and more targeted regulatory policies to solve the marketization of microfinance institutions. In order to realize the sustainable development of microfinance institutions, the problems encountered in the reform of commercialization include changing the management mode, improving the management level, innovating the service mode and product types of microfinance institutions.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.39

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