北京湿地公园景观季相变化下的植物配置研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 21:11

本文关键词： 湿地公园季相植物配置　出处：《中国林业科学研究院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：湿地公园是湿地保护和合理利用的形式与典范,同时也是生态旅游、宣传湿地知识的良好平台。湿地公园景观的独特性和多样性,越来越吸引着更多的游客。湿地公园的景观季相体现着水生植物、湿生植物和旱生植物的不同层次与梯度的景观,同时也包含着这些植物与其他建筑物、景观小品的有机融合。本论文从湿地公园“旅游观赏性”角度出发,根据植物的季相变化特点,对湿地公园的植物配置原则和方法进行了深入研究。首先,本论文对季相以及植物配置两方面进行了相关文献的研究和梳理。季相的研究体现在物候、色彩、群落和空间等方面;植物配置的研究体现在人工湿地的植物配置、植物配置原则、色彩搭配、生境条件依托和美学应用等方面。其次,本论文通过对植物季相及变化特点的研究,根据湿地公园景观设计时的需求分析,总结出三种植物配置原则和七种植物配置方法。最后,本论文将这一结论成果运用到翠湖湿地公园的实际案例设计之中。本论文的创新点在于研究成果的“三个原则”和“七种方法”。论文总结出功能完善性、生态适应性和景观差异性是进行湿地公园景观设计植物配置时需要遵守的三个原则。根据湿地公园功能的需要、空间的需求、条件的利用等因素,充分利用植物花、叶、果、枝等色彩变化以及形体特征来实现不同的景观效果和设计意图,本论文归纳总结出了能够充分表现出季相变化特点的七种植物配置方法。1、空间格局法是利用植物对水面、陆地区域的空间进行分割设计的使用方法。2、视觉冲击法是以颜色为主打招牌,突出颜色对视觉的冲击力、震撼力。3、动态层次法强调的是植物配置时注重生物群落的有序组合,尤其是从水生生境到岸带湿生,最后到陆生生境,关注生态群落层次的同时,也关注群落的季相差异变化。4、景致四季法是在春、夏、秋、冬的一年四季里都能看到不同的颜色变化、植物形态变化,体现真正的季相特色的配置方法。5、主题意境法主要是针对景观设计区域的核心主题而使用的,不同区域在进行景观设计的植物配置时,要依据主题来相应的配置与主题有关的植物。6、景观互动法是指进行植物配置时要与周围的建筑物、山石、地形、园路等形成呼应,利用借景、映衬等手段提高景观丰富度,将植物与周围环境融为一体,体现自然、和谐的氛围。7、季相节庆法就是指为了提高湿地公园的影响力,扩大公园的经济效益,在景观设计和植物配置时考虑将来可以举办一些有意义的活动,根据这些活动的景观需求和生态背景来决定现在设计时应该进行什么样的植物配置组合。在设计实践中,要从设计需求出发,根据不同地块条件和设计目的,单独或组合灵活运用这些方法,从而实现景观设计的建设需求和设计初衷。
[Abstract]:Wetland park is not only the form and model of wetland protection and rational utilization, but also a good platform for ecotourism and propaganda of wetland knowledge. More and more visitors are attracted. The landscape season of the Wetland Park reflects the different levels and gradients of aquatic plants, wet plants and xerophytes, as well as these plants and other buildings. Based on the characteristics of seasonal changes of plants, the principles and methods of plant allocation in wetland parks are studied in this paper. This paper has carried on the related literature research and combing to the seasonal phase and the plant disposition. The seasonal phase research manifests in the phenology, the color, the community and the space and so on; the plant disposition research manifests in the constructed wetland plant configuration, The principles of plant collocation, collocation, habitat conditions and aesthetic application. Secondly, through the study of plant seasonal and changing characteristics, according to the wetland park landscape design needs analysis, Three plant allocation principles and seven plant allocation methods are summarized. Finally, This paper applies this conclusion to the actual case design of Cuihu Wetland Park. The innovation of this paper lies in the "three principles" and "seven methods" of the research results. Ecological adaptability and landscape difference are three principles to be observed in landscape design of wetland park. According to the need of wetland park function, space demand, utilization of conditions and other factors, plant flowers, leaves, fruit, etc. In order to achieve different landscape effects and design intentions, the paper summarizes seven plant allocation methods, I. e., the spatial pattern method, which can fully show the seasonal variation characteristics, and the spatial pattern method uses plants to the water surface. The use method of space segmentation and design in land area. The visual impact method is to use color as the main sign, highlight the impact of color on the vision, shock force. 3. The dynamic hierarchy method emphasizes the orderly combination of biological communities when plant allocation is emphasized. Especially from the aquatic habitat to the shore zone, finally to the terrestrial habitat, paying attention to the ecological community level, but also paying attention to the seasonal variation of community. 4. The four seasons method is in spring, summer and autumn. Winter can see different color changes, plant morphology changes, reflect the true seasonal characteristics of the allocation method. 5, the theme mood method is mainly used for the core theme of the landscape design area. In the plant configuration of landscape design in different areas, the corresponding plant. 6 should be allocated according to the theme. The interactive landscape method means that the plants should be arranged in response to the surrounding buildings, rocks, landforms, garden roads, etc. The method of seasonal festival means to increase the richness of landscape, integrate plants with the surrounding environment, embody the natural and harmonious atmosphere. The seasonal festival method is to increase the influence of the wetland park and expand the economic benefits of the park. In landscape design and plant configuration, consider some meaningful activities that can be held in the future, and decide what kind of plant configuration combination should be carried out in the present design based on the landscape needs and ecological background of these activities. Based on the design requirements and according to different land conditions and design purposes, these methods should be used flexibly, individually or in combination, so as to realize the construction demand and design intention of landscape design.
【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU986.2

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