继电保护失效检测及检修策略研究
本文关键词:继电保护失效检测及检修策略研究 出处:《华北电力大学(北京)》2016年博士论文 论文类型:学位论文
更多相关文章: 失效机理 在线监测 容错技术 失效检测 检修策略 自动测试
【摘要】:随着电网规模逐步扩大,网架结构日趋复杂,电网安全更加依赖继电保护的可靠性。上世纪90年代末期微机保护开始推广应用,大幅提升了继电保护正确动作率,但保护软件缺陷、装置硬件故障、二次回路异常、人为操作失误等原因引起的不正确动作事件屡有发生,甚至导致电网安全事故。因此,有必要分析保护不正确动作原因并提出相应的防范措施,以便最大程度地降低不正确动作的风险。本文在失效机理分析的基础上,对继电保护失效检测和容错技术进行了充分的研究,取得了如下主要的创新成果:(1)研究了继电保护的失效机理,包括失效影响、失效原因,提出基于失效模式、后果与危险度分析(FMECA)的继电保护三维一体综合检修策略。综合应用空间和时间信息,建立了包含检测型健康因子、随机失效健康因子、应用环境健康因子、可靠性健康因子、改进型健康因子的健康指数评价模型,利用确定性信息反映设备个体当前的健康状况,利用概率统计信息预测设备状态未来的发展趋势,解决了状态评价结果无法指导设备个体检修决策的问题。建立计及人工巡检费用的马尔科夫状态空间模型,揭示了人工巡检周期与检修经济成本的关系,解决了变电站无人值守模式下人工巡检周期确定缺乏理论依据的问题。(2)揭示了微机保护失效检测存在盲区的原因,提出了动作特性匹配与冗余设计相结合的容错新方法。建立包含保护动作区、测量异常区和检测闭锁区的动作特性平面,提出了应用Venn图分析失效检测和动作判别特性匹配度的方法,解决了保护检测闭锁区没有通用设计原则的问题;提出了距离Ⅲ段保护阻抗偏移特性的自适应判据,解决了区外故障伴随PT断线时距离Ⅲ段误动的问题;建立双冗余设计的可靠性分析模型,提出了继电保护主动冗余设计方法,降低了停电检修前的误动风险。(3)提出了基于多源信息挖掘技术的继电保护在线监测方法,从站域和广域两个层面增强了继电保护失效检测能力。建立继电保护自检信息模型和通用状态评价模型,揭示自检信息与设备状态的对应关系,实现了检测型健康因子的实时动态评价;提出了基于同源信息比对的关联监测方法,提高了站域层面二次回路隐性故障的检测能力;建立基于XML Schema的故障录波模型和保护装置内部中间节点信息模型,提出录波数据多抽样率变换算法,解决了复杂故障条件下录波通道智能分群、采样频率归一化、动作逻辑可视化的问题,提高了基于广域信息的保护动作行为分析和诊断水平。(4)提出基于IEC61850标准的继电保护状态检测方法,范围覆盖SV、GOOSE及保护功能,实现了智能变电站继电保护的免维护。揭示了模拟式合并单元可靠性低的原因,提出基于采样值等差分和谐波含量比的数据有效性判别方法,提高了合并单元数据品质的检测和容错能力。提出基于模型匹配的智能变电站继电保护自动测试方法,实现“有主”的自动测试,解决了人工干预环节多、试验结果不直观的问题,提高了检修效率和安全水平。提出基于扩展CID模型命令监视数据点的GOOSE回路闭环监测方法,实现“自主”的自动测试,进一步提高智能变电站继电保护的状态检测能力。
[Abstract]:Along with the network gradually expand the scale of grid structure is becoming more and more complex, more dependent on the reliability of power grid safety protection. In the end of 90s began to promote the application of microcomputer protection, greatly improving the relay correct operating rate, but the protection of software defects, device hardware failure, the two loop anomalous, incorrect action of incident caused by human error and other reasons. Frequently occur, and even lead to power grid accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the reasons for the incorrect action of protection and puts forward some corresponding preventive measures, in order to reduce the risk of incorrect action maximum. Based on the analysis of the failure mechanism, the failure detection and fault tolerance technology of relay protection of the full study, are as follows the main innovations: (1) study on the failure mechanism of the relay protection, including the failure, failure, failure mode is proposed based on the consequences and Risk analysis (FMECA) comprehensive maintenance strategy of three-dimensional integrated relay protection. The comprehensive application of spatial and temporal information, including the detection of health factors, health factors of random failure, the application of environmental health factors, health factors of health evaluation index of reliability, improved health factor model, using the deterministic information reflecting the health condition of the individual equipment and predict the future development trend of the equipment state by using probability statistics, evaluation results can not solve the state guiding equipment overhaul individual decision problems. Markoff state space model is established and the manual inspection fees, reveals the relationship between artificial inspection cycle and maintenance cost, solve the substation unattended mode manual inspection cycle to determine the lack of theory on the basis of the problem. (2) revealed the microcomputer protection failure detection area, a special action A new method of fault tolerant matching combined with redundant design. Includes the establishment of protection area, plane motion characteristic anomaly area measurement and detection blocking area, puts forward the application analysis of Venn failure detection and motion discrimination features matching degree method, solves the protection blocking detection there is no universal design principles; adaptive distance criterion section III presents the characteristics of offset impedance protection, solve the external fault with PT disconnection of the misoperation problem; establish the reliability analysis model of dual redundant design, puts forward the design method of active redundancy protection, reduce the power outage maintenance before the misoperation risk. (3) proposed online monitoring of relay protection a method of multi-source information mining technology based on two aspects from the station and the wide domain enhances the relay protection failure detection capability. Establishment of relay protection information model and the general state of self evaluation The model reveals the relationship, self information and the state of the equipment, realize the real-time dynamic detection evaluation of health factor; put forward the related monitoring method based on homologous information comparison, to improve the detection ability of the two loop station fault hidden level; the establishment of fault recorder based on XML Schema model and internal intermediate node information protection device the model proposed, recorded data of multi sampling rate conversion algorithm, to solve the complex fault condition recording channel intelligent grouping, sampling frequency, action logic visualization problems, improve the protection action of wide area information analysis and diagnosis level. (4) based on the proposed relay protection IEC61850 state detection method based on coverage SV, GOOSE and protection function, realize maintenance of intelligent substation relay protection. The reliability of the simulation reveals the type of merging unit low reason based On the effectiveness of differential method and harmonic data sampling, improves the quality of data merging unit detection and fault tolerance. The automatic test method of relay protection in Smart Substation Based on model matching, the realization of automatic test are the main ", solve the human intervention process, test result is not intuitive problem and improves the maintenance efficiency and safety level. GOOSE closed loop monitoring method of extended CID model command monitoring data points based on the realization of automatic testing autonomy", to further improve the intelligent substation relay protection status detection ability.
【学位授予单位】:华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2016
【分类号】:TM77
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