广西在校大学生自主创业现状和对策研究
本文关键词:广西在校大学生自主创业现状和对策研究 出处:《广西医科大学》2017年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】:随着国家创新驱动战略的实施,我国经济发展已步入“新常态”,机遇与挑战并存,社会的发展对创新型人才的需求与日俱增。作为未来祖国建设的主力军,大学生的创新能力与国家的政治、经济、文化、社会及生态文明的发展息息相关。在“大众创业、万众创新”的国家战略背景下,高校大学生掀起了自主创业的浪潮,大学生积极创业不仅能够解决自身的就业难题,还能提供更多的就业岗位,解决更多大学生的就业问题。目的:本文通过文献资料研究和广西高校在校大学生自主创业现状的调查,了解当前广西高校在校大学生的创业意愿、创业能力、高校创业教育、政府创业政策等方面的现状。在此基础上,分析广西高校在校大学生自主创业所面临的问题及困难,针对存在的问题提出相应的对策,为广西高校大学生自主创业的发展提供参考依据。方法:抽取广西高校1200名在校大学生进行问卷调查,同时选取10名自主创业在校大学生进行访谈,了解广西高校在校大学生创业的总体情况以及他们在自主创业过程中面临的困难和所需要的帮助。运用EpiData和SPSS对数据进行汇总和处理,并对调查结果进行统计描述分析,对访谈结果进行总结整理。结果:通过问卷调查、访谈及相关文献研究,发现高校在校大学生自主创业所面临的问题和困难主要涵盖以下几个方面:一是受传统择业观束缚,大学生普遍看重“铁饭碗”,大多“谨慎”选择创业;二是大学生对自主创业缺乏信心,认为自身实践经验不足、缺乏创业能力;三是在校大学生群体没有固定收入,创业资金来源渠道较为单一,承担风险能力较差;四是高校过分看重“就业率”,创业教育理念与实践墨守成规,忽视创业教育的重要性;五是高校现有的创业实践基地建设参差不齐、缺乏完整机制,未能较好的实现科技成果的转化;六是在校大学生创业相关政策知晓度低,政府创业政策宣传力度不够,创业服务体系不完善。结论:当前广西高校在校大学生自主创业正处于起步与探索阶段,存在诸多问题,针对存在的问题,提出以下几点对策建议:一是全社会营造良好的创业氛围,从政策引导、舆论导向、宣传力度等方面鼓励大学生创业;二是大学生要积极参与到各种创业实践活动中去,提升自己的创业能力和素质;三是要以政府力量为主导,拓宽大学生创业融资渠道,建立相关创业风险担保体系,减少创业投资风险;四是高校通过建立专业化的创业导师团队、构建实践教学平台,将实践教学与理论教学相结合;五是加大对创业基地的建设投入,不断完善创业基地的“硬件”和“软件”;六是逐步完善政府、高校和社会的三方联动机制,形成强有力的大学生创业服务合力。
[Abstract]:With the implementation of the national innovation-driven strategy, China's economic development has entered the "new normal", opportunities and challenges coexist, and the demand for innovative talents is increasing with the development of society. The innovation ability of college students is closely related to the development of national politics, economy, culture, society and ecological civilization. College students set off a wave of independent entrepreneurship, college students can not only solve their own employment problems, but also provide more jobs. Objective: through the literature research and the investigation of the present situation of Guangxi university students' independent entrepreneurship, we can understand the current Guangxi college students' entrepreneurial willingness and entrepreneurial ability. On the basis of this, this paper analyzes the problems and difficulties faced by the college students in Guangxi, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures against the existing problems. Methods: 1 200 college students in Guangxi were selected for questionnaire survey and 10 self-employed college students were interviewed. To understand the general situation of college students in Guangxi, as well as the difficulties they face in the process of independent entrepreneurship and the help they need. Using EpiData and SPSS to collect and process the data. And the results of the survey were statistically described and analyzed, and the results of the interviews were summarized. Results: through questionnaires, interviews and related literature research. It is found that the problems and difficulties faced by college students in self-employment mainly cover the following aspects: first, under the constraints of the traditional view of career selection, college students generally value "iron rice bowl", and most of them "carefully" choose to start a business; Second, college students lack confidence in independent entrepreneurship, think that their own practical experience is insufficient, lack of entrepreneurial ability; Third, there is no fixed income for college students, the source of venture capital is relatively single, and the ability to bear risks is poor; Fourth, colleges and universities pay too much attention to the "employment rate", the idea and practice of entrepreneurship education, ignoring the importance of entrepreneurship education; Fifth, the construction of existing entrepreneurial practice bases in colleges and universities is uneven, lacking of complete mechanism, and failing to achieve the transformation of scientific and technological achievements; Sixth, college students know less about entrepreneurship policies, government entrepreneurship policy propaganda is not enough, entrepreneurship service system is not perfect. Conclusion: at present, Guangxi college students' independent entrepreneurship is at the beginning and exploration stage. There are many problems, according to the existing problems, put forward the following countermeasures and suggestions: first, the whole society to create a good atmosphere for entrepreneurship, from the policy guidance, public opinion guidance, publicity and other aspects to encourage college students to start a business; Second, college students should actively participate in various entrepreneurial activities to improve their entrepreneurial ability and quality; Third, we should take the government as the leading force, widen the channel of university students' venture capital, establish the guarantee system of the related venture risk, reduce the risk of venture capital; Fourthly, colleges and universities combine practical teaching with theoretical teaching by setting up a professional team of entrepreneurial tutors and constructing a practical teaching platform. Fifth, increase investment in the construction of entrepreneurial base, and constantly improve the "hardware" and "software" of the entrepreneurial base; Sixth, the tripartite linkage mechanism between government, university and society should be gradually perfected to form a strong cooperative force of entrepreneurial service for college students.
【学位授予单位】:广西医科大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:G647.38
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