兵团鲜食葡萄经营规模效率研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 20:12

本文关键词：兵团鲜食葡萄经营规模效率研究　出处：《石河子大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新疆兵团自然资源丰富,农业在全国主要农业产区名列前茅。由于年日照时间长、光照充足、昼夜温差大等独特的自然禀赋,新疆鲜食葡萄具有甜度高、皮薄、味美等无与伦比的优势。兵团作为全国葡萄的主要产区之一,截止到2014年底,种植总面积达49929公顷,总产量达623875吨,其中,鲜食葡萄种植面积约为兵团葡萄总种植面积的50.1%,产量约为兵团葡萄总产量的55.4%。目前,兵团鲜食葡萄产业正依靠其区域优势、资源优势向规模化、产业化方向发展。在兵团进一步推行规模化经营、产业化发展之前,对鲜食葡萄现阶段的种植规模和效率之间的关系有明确的认识非常必要,因此,本文通过对农户鲜食葡萄的规模效率进行测算,掌握现阶段兵团鲜食葡萄经营的规模效率水平,同时,为了进一步探索鲜食葡萄规模效率的影响因素,本文通过Tobit模型对鲜食葡萄规模效率的影响因素进行实证分析,进一步探索影响其规模效率的因素。在此基础上得出本研究的主要结论,并提出促进鲜食葡萄规模效率提高推行适度规模经营的政策建议。论文的主要内容和成果如下:第一,通过实地调研和兵团历年统计数据对兵团鲜食葡萄的生产现状进行描述性分析,发现现阶段兵团鲜食葡萄经营过程中存在的问题。第二,运用DEA方法对鲜食葡萄规模效率进行测算,测算结果显示:鲜食葡萄种植的技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率的平均值分别为0.974、0.986、0.987,均接近1,说明现阶段农户以经济最大化为目标,理性配置各种生产要素,土地得到较高的利用,此外,还说明兵团的农业科技发展较快,在葡萄产业的应用也越来越广泛。第三,利用Tobit模型对鲜食葡萄经营的规模效率进行影响因素分析,实证结果表明:家庭农业劳动力人数、家庭人均收入、耕地投入、土地承包费用、葡萄树的树龄、加入社会养老保险的占比等变量对规模效率的影响较大。其中对规模效率产生正向影响的有:家庭农业劳动力人数、家庭人均收入、葡萄树的树龄、加入社会养老保险的占比,对规模效率产生负向影响的有:耕地投入、土地承包费用。最后,根据研究结果提出相应的政策建议。兵团应加大中小规模鲜食葡萄种植户的扶持力度、因地制宜的推行适度规模经营、建立健全兵团社会保障体系、建立健全兵团农业社会化服务体系、要不断创新兵团农业适度规模经营模式等,以期有助于兵团鲜食葡萄适度规模经营的长期稳定发展。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang Bingtuan is rich in natural resources and agriculture is one of the most important agricultural production areas in China. Due to its unique natural endowment such as long annual sunshine sufficient light and large temperature difference between day and night fresh grapevine in Xinjiang has high sweetness and thin skin. Wei Mei and other unparalleled advantages. As one of the main grape production areas, as of end of 2014, the total area of cultivation reached 49929 hectares, the total output reached 623875 tons. Fresh grape planting area is about 50.1 of the total planting area of Bingtuan grape, the yield is about 55.4 percent of the total grape yield of Bingtuan. At present, the fresh grape industry of Bingtuan is relying on its regional advantages. The superiority of resources develops in the direction of scale and industrialization. Before the bingtuan further promotes the large-scale operation and the industrialization development. It is very necessary to understand the relationship between planting scale and efficiency of fresh grapevine at this stage. Therefore, this paper calculates the scale efficiency of fresh grapevine by farmers. At the same time, in order to further explore the factors affecting the scale efficiency of fresh grape. In this paper, the factors influencing the scale efficiency of fresh grapevine were analyzed by Tobit model, and the main conclusions of this study were obtained. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows: first. Through the field investigation and statistical data over the years to describe the production status of fresh grape production in Bingtuan, we found the existing problems in the process of fresh grape management. Second. The DEA method was used to measure the scale efficiency of fresh grapevine. The results showed that the average value of technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of fresh grapevine planting were 0.974 ~ 0.986 respectively. 0.987, all close to 1, indicating that at this stage farmers to maximize the economy as the goal, rational allocation of various factors of production, land has been a higher use, in addition to the rapid development of agricultural science and technology in Bingtuan. Third, the Tobit model is used to analyze the influencing factors of the scale efficiency of fresh grape management. The empirical results show that: the number of family agricultural labor force. Family per capita income, farmland input, land contract costs, grape tree age. The proportion of social pension insurance and other variables have a greater impact on scale efficiency. Among them, the number of family agricultural labor force, family per capita income, grape tree age have a positive impact on scale efficiency. The proportion of social endowment insurance has a negative impact on scale efficiency: input of cultivated land, land contract costs. Finally. According to the results of the study put forward the corresponding policy recommendations. Bingtuan should increase the support of small and medium-sized fresh grape growers implement appropriate scale management according to local conditions establish and improve the Corps social security system. In order to establish and perfect the socialized service system of agriculture in Bingtuan, it is necessary to continuously innovate the moderate scale management mode of agriculture in order to help the sustainable development of moderate scale management of fresh grape in Bingtuan.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F224;F326.13

【参考文献】