俄罗斯金融危机比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 09:06

本文关键词： 俄罗斯金融危机比较研究　出处：《东北财经大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1945之后,美国逐渐代替英国而成为新一代的世界强国。在二战中美国得天独厚的优势使他受到的损坏最少,因而成为许多国家的债权国,战中,许多的西方国家的经济命脉都要依靠美国而生存发展。美国对各国的影响逐渐扩大。在这种基础上,美国逐渐在全世界范围内开始建立起世界霸权,美元开始逐渐取代英镑而成为世界货币,具有举足轻重的作用。随着全球化进程的发展,世界各国之间的经济联系日益密切,已然开始发展成为"牵一发而动全身"的经济格局。越来越多的国家已经无法置身事外的进行发展经济,必须要时刻关注以美国为首的西方发达国家对经济政策的调整和转变。而经济危机古已有之。就近的说,美国在20世纪三十年代就发生过一次影响较大的经济危机,后来美国仍然要面对多次的经济危机。由此可见,其他发达国家和发展中国家也不可避免的要应对看似突如其来,其实有着诸多因素作用的经济危机。在所有的经济危机中,金融危机的影响力和波及范围是最大的,也是对紧密联系的世界经济造成最大影响的。因此,认识和研究金融危机对每个国家的经济安全和健康发展都是具有十分重要的意义。除美国之外,俄罗斯作为二战期间与美国齐头并进的大国,是与美国能够相抗衡的一个重要力量,也是美国政府一直重视的国家。但是由于俄罗斯的意识形态与美国相对,因而一直受到美国的遏制和防范。但是俄罗斯的发展却也突破种种束缚而得到快速的发展。据统计,近年来俄罗斯经济高速增长,在经济总量上已经成为位列世界第七的经济体。俄罗斯拥有巨额的黄金外汇储备,并在2008年全球金融危机前跃居外汇储备的世界第三位。表面上看起来,俄罗斯的经济似乎一路高歌猛进,利好势头令人看好,但是在这告诉发展的背后却隐藏着令人担忧的危机,就是在经济高速增长的背后却以石油和外债作为发展基石。而这两样却都极容易受外界环境的影响,一旦外界环境发生动荡,那么俄罗斯的经济发展将会遭到前所未有的重创,甚至会发生严重的倒退。俄罗斯自从90年代经济转轨以来,逐渐从计划经济的体制走向市场经济的体制,在具体的经济转轨中,俄罗斯政府对国有经济进行了改造,使之成为私有化,同时在经济管理体制上也建立起市场经济的制度框架,由此成为了具有西方经济形态的国家。但是从历史的发展来看,俄罗斯的经济转轨并不是很顺利,一路上遭到不少的挫折,在转轨初期就因为国内的政治和经济方面的多种危机而受中创,再加上这二十多年来,一共遭遇了三次大的金融危机,分别是:1998年,2008年,2014年。这三次的经济危机都给俄罗斯造成相当大的影响,使得俄罗斯的经济继续遭到中创,造成了恶性通货膨胀、物价飞涨、社会动乱等各种社会乱象,俄罗斯全国上下始终为经济波动所困扰,以至于其影响今天都还没消退。而导致这三次金融危机发生的原因却是各异,但是其中最为关键性的原因便是,俄罗斯的经济支柱和财政来源是建基在石油的基础上,因此,石油的下跌始终伴随着这三次的金融危机之中。后来,在普京上台之后,普京通过实行"强人政治",以"乱世用重典"的方式对俄罗斯的政治、经济、社会进行了大幅度和深入的改革和整顿,并取得了巨大的成就。不仅政治上建立起一套强势的政府体系,并整肃地方,为经济发展创造了一个安定有序的政治环境,经济上,则建立起一个有序的金融体系,有效解决了此前的经济乱象,为俄罗斯的经济健康发展奠定了好的基础,也增强了俄罗斯应对新的经济风险的能力。虽然俄罗斯几次以来屡遭金融危机的动荡影响,但是仍然没有失去其世界性的影响力。因此对这三次金融危机的发生的经济背景、原因和应对措施不仅有助于我们加深对俄罗斯经济转型的特点和路径了解,还可以增强我们对危机的预警和应对能力。所谓"预则立不预则废",阐述的就是这个道理。本文从俄罗斯90年代经济转轨以来的金融危机作为分析对象,对其背景,原因和影响进行剖析,以期望能够对俄罗斯未来在应对这种危机时能够有所参考和助益,同时也可以俄罗斯为一面镜子,为中国对金融危机的认识增补些有益的认识。
[Abstract]:After 1945, the United States gradually replaced Britain as a new generation of world power. The United States in World War II richly endowed by nature with the advantages of his damage at least, so many countries become creditor in the war, many western countries have to rely on the United States and the economic lifeline of survival and development. The impact on countries gradually expand. On this basis, the United States gradually began to build a world hegemony in the world, the dollar began to gradually replace the pounds and become a world currency, plays an important role. With the development of globalization, the economic contact between the increasingly close, has begun to become the "domino" economic pattern more and more countries have been unable to stay out of the way of economic development, we must always pay attention to the US led western developed countries to adjust and change of economic policy. The economic crisis has existed since ancient times. Nearby said, the United States in twentieth Century and 30s had a greater impact of the economic crisis, and later the United States still face many economic crisis. Thus, other developed countries and developing countries also have to deal with the seemingly sudden, in fact there are many factors in all economic economic crisis. In the crisis, the financial crisis and the influence scope is the largest, but also caused the greatest impact on the world economy closely. Therefore, understanding and study of the financial crisis on each country's economic security and healthy development is of great significance. In addition to the United States, Russia and the United States during World War II as in the country. Is an important force to compete with the United States, the United States government has always attached great importance to the country. But due to Russia's consciousness The morphology and relative, and thus has been containment and prevention of the United States. But Russia's development but also a breakthrough of constraints and get rapid development. According to statistics, in recent years, Russia's rapid economic growth in the total economy has become the economy ranked seventh in the world. Russia's Ross has a huge gold reserves in foreign exchange the reserves in 2008 before the global financial crisis of third in the world. It seems that the Russian economy seems to be a good momentum is good, stride forward singing militant songs, but in this tell development is hidden behind the worries of the crisis is behind the rapid economic growth in oil and foreign debt as the cornerstone of the development of the two. Like are easily affected by the external environment, once the external environment turbulence, it will be Russia's economic development has been hitherto unknown hit, even will be issued Serious setback. Since 90s the Russian economy, gradually from the planned economy system to market economy system, in the economic transition, the Russian government reform of the state-owned economy, making privatization, and in economic management system is to establish a system framework of market economy, which has become the with western economic pattern of the country. But from the point of view of history development, the economic transition in Russia is not very smooth, suffered many setbacks along the way, in the early transitional period because of domestic political and economic aspects of the crisis in a variety of subject, plus more than 20 years, suffered a total of three big the financial crisis, are: 1998, 2008, 2014. The three economic crisis have caused considerable influence to Russia, the Russian economy continue to be hit, resulting in malignant. Inflation, soaring prices, social unrest and other social chaos, Russia across the country is always plagued by economic fluctuations, so that its influence today have not subsided. Due to the three financial crisis the reason is different, but the key is that Russia's economic pillar and source of finance is based in oil on the basis of the result, the oil drop is always accompanied by the three financial crisis. Later, after Putin came to power, Putin through the implementation of "strongman politics", "economic times prepared the way for Russia's political, social, made extensive and in-depth reform and rectification, and achieved great success. Not only in politics to establish a strong government system, and the purge place, to create a stable and orderly political environment for economic development, the economy, then establish an orderly The financial system, effectively solve the previous economic chaos, laying a good foundation for the healthy development of the Russian economy, but also enhances the ability of the new economic risk. Although the turmoil in Russia is to influence Russia several times repeated since the financial crisis, but still has not lost its influence in the world. So for the three time the financial crisis of the economic background, reasons and measures not only help deepen our understanding of Russian economic transition characteristics and paths, we can also enhance the crisis of the early warning and response capabilities. The so-called "pre Li nopreparation", this is the truth. As the analysis objects in this paper from the financial crisis in Russia since 90s on the background of economic transition, and analyzes the reason and influence to Russia's future in response to the crisis can be reference and help, at the same time It can also be a mirror for Russia to add some useful understanding of China's understanding of the financial crisis.

【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F831.59

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