基于STM32的三相智能电表的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-03-20 16:19

本文选题：智能电表　切入点：智能电网　出处：《安徽理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：智能电表作为电能数据采集的基础设备,在智能电网的建设中起着非常关键的作用。智能电表要求具备原始电能数据采集、测量和数据传输的功能。随着智能电网的发展,对智能电表提出了新的要求。由于越来越多的非线性负荷接入电网,导致电网中产生谐波污染,不仅浪费电能还给电力部门带来一定的经济损失。因此,具有谐波检测功能的智能电表应运而生;随着国家节能减排的号召,为了提高居民节约用电意识,分时复费电价被提出已在部分地区实施应用,这要求电表具有分时计费功能。同时为提高用户用电的便捷,电力公司和用户间的双向通信也受到更多的关注。课题基于微处理器STM32强大的数据处理能力,配合电能采集电路及主控制器STM32外围电路,实现智能电表的电能计量功能、分时电价功能、双向通信功能与谐波检测功能。课题研究了 FFT对谐波分析中的作用,将插值加窗的FFT算法用于谐波分析,减小了频谱泄漏和栅栏效应带来的误差影响。课题主要完成了智能电表硬件与软件程序的设计,硬件电路主要设计了电压、电流采集电路、ADC采样电路、RS-485通信电路等。通过利用MATLAB仿真软件,用加窗插值的FFT算法对谐波信号进行了仿真分析,并验证该算法对谐波分析的准确性。最后搭建实验平台对智能电表进行了调试。
[Abstract]:As the basic equipment of electric energy data acquisition, intelligent ammeter plays a very important role in the construction of smart grid. Intelligent meter requires the functions of data acquisition, measurement and transmission of original electric energy. New requirements for smart meter are put forward. Because more and more nonlinear loads are connected to the power network, harmonic pollution is produced in the power network, which not only wastes energy but also brings certain economic losses to the power department. With the call of national energy saving and emission reduction, in order to improve the awareness of saving electricity among the residents, the timesharing tariff has been put forward and applied in some areas. In order to improve the convenience of power consumption, the two-way communication between power companies and users has attracted more attention. The subject is based on the powerful data processing ability of microprocessor STM32. Combined with the electric energy acquisition circuit and the peripheral circuit of the main controller STM32, the power metering function, time-sharing electricity price function, two-way communication function and harmonic detection function of the intelligent electric meter are realized. The role of FFT in harmonic analysis is studied. The interpolation windowed FFT algorithm is applied to harmonic analysis to reduce the error effect caused by spectrum leakage and fence effect. The hardware and software programs of intelligent ammeter are designed, and the voltage is mainly designed in hardware circuit. Current acquisition circuit, ADC sampling circuit, RS-485 communication circuit, etc. By using MATLAB simulation software, the harmonic signal is simulated and analyzed by windowed interpolation FFT algorithm. The accuracy of the algorithm for harmonic analysis is verified. Finally, an experimental platform is built to debug the intelligent meter.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM933.4

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