FDI、进出口贸易对全要素生产率的影响

发布时间：2018-03-21 14:21

本文选题：全要素生产率　切入点：进出口贸易　出处：《浙江理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：提高全要素生产率的有效途径是技术进步，其来源一种观点是通过引进，，另一种观点是通过自主创新。一些研究认为，自主创新耗时又耗成本，且自行开发尖端技术不仅投入大而且失败率高，而购买技术设备的成本则要低得多。因此，引进技术成为省时且见效快的方法。我国引进技术主要通过两个途径实现，一是进出口贸易，二是通过吸引国际投资即FDI。进出口贸易对TFP的影响主要通过进口技术含量比较高的资本品或中间品促进技术进步和进口的高技术资本品迫使国内的创新者加快创新速度；或通过出口的方式与国际接触，以获得新的生产技术、新的产品设计等。FDI对全要素生产率的影响主要是通过技术水平和生产效率较高的外资企业本身带来的直接的技术进步效应和FDI流入产生的所谓竞争效应和模仿效应所带来的间接技术进步效应实现的。目前，对全要素生产率的影响的研究大都是从进出口或FDI单一视角展开的，根据空间经济学理论，空间地理位置相邻近的地区，地区间的技术交流、生产要素流动和经济合作便利且频次高，因此，在研究我国各省市FDI、进出口贸易对TFP增长的影响时，引入空间因素是非常有必要的。本文首先对国内外相关文献和理论进行梳理，并论述了本文理论逻辑。其次采用基于DEA的Malmquist指数法估算我国30省市的全要素生产率，并分析全要素生产率在2000-2012年间的变化情况和各地区全要素生产率、技术进步和技术效率存在的差距；在利用Moran I值检验全要素生产率存在空间相关性的基础上，运用较为前沿的空间计量方法对FDI和进出口贸易影响全要素生产率进行实证分析。研究得出以下结论：1）我国各省市全要素生产率表现出明显的空间集聚特征，绝大部分省市属于高-高（H-H）型和低-低（L-L）型；（2）FDI和进口贸易都显著地促进了全要素生产率的增长，且两者存在互补关系，而出口贸易对全要素生产率的增长有影响但不显著，FDI和出口贸易在促进全要素生产率方面存在替代关系；（3）研发投入与全要素生产率呈现负相关。最后提出了若干促进我国全要素生产率增长的政策建议，对于我国经济可持续增长和各省域共同发展均具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:The effective way to increase total factor productivity is technological progress, which comes from the point of view of introduction and the view of independent innovation. Some studies suggest that independent innovation is time-consuming and costly. Moreover, the self-developed cutting-edge technology not only has a large investment and a high failure rate, but also has a much lower cost of purchasing technical equipment. Therefore, the introduction of technology has become a time-saving and efficient method. First, import and export trade, Second, the influence of import and export trade on TFP by attracting international investment, mainly through importing capital goods or intermediates with high technology content to promote technological progress and import high-tech capital goods to force domestic innovators to speed up innovation. Or international contacts through export in order to acquire new production technologies, The influence of new product design on TFP is mainly through the direct technological progress effect brought by foreign-funded enterprises with high technological level and production efficiency and the so-called competitive effect and imitation effect caused by the inflow of FDI. The indirect technological progress effect that should be brought about. The research on the impact of total factor productivity is mostly carried out from a single perspective of import and export or FDI. According to the theory of spatial economics, the geographical location of the adjacent regions, regional technical exchanges, The flow of factors of production and economic cooperation are convenient and frequent. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce spatial factors in the study of the influence of import and export trade on TFP growth in various provinces and cities of China. This paper firstly combs the relevant literatures and theories at home and abroad, and discusses the theoretical logic of this paper. Secondly, the Malmquist index method based on DEA is used to estimate the total factor productivity of 30 provinces and cities in China. The change of total factor productivity (TFP) from 2000 to 2012 and the gap between TFP, technological progress and technical efficiency in different regions are analyzed, and the spatial correlation between TFP and TFP is tested by using Moran I value. This paper makes an empirical analysis on the total factor productivity (TFP) of FDI and import and export trade by using the more advanced spatial measurement methods. The conclusion is as follows: (1) the TFP of provinces and cities in China shows obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics. The FDI and import trade of most provinces and cities belong to the high-high-high-high-H-H) type and the low-to-low L-L-) type have significantly promoted the growth of total factor productivity, and the two have complementary relationship. However, export trade has an impact on the growth of total factor productivity (TFP), but not significantly. There is a substitution relationship between FDI and export trade in promoting TFP. (3) R & D investment has a negative correlation with TFP. Finally, some suggestions are put forward that there is a negative correlation between R & D input and TFP. Policy recommendations for promoting Total Factor Productivity growth in China, It is of great significance for the sustainable economic growth and the common development of the provinces.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.6;F752.6;F124

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