城镇社区居家养老的医护人力资源供需研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 15:20

本文选题：社区居家养老　切入点：医护人力资源　出处：《上海工程技术大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国城镇化进程的加快,城镇人口的老龄化、高龄化程度日益加剧,这使得老年人口的生活、健康问题逐渐成为社会关注的热点。受社会经济发展、传统养老观念以及家庭养老功能弱化和机构养老服务不足的影响,社区居家养老方式因其多方面的优势越来越被广大老年人所选择。“老与病相生,医与养相连”。社区卫生服务机构是最贴近社区居民的基层医疗机构。为社区老年人提供专业、及时医疗服务的社区医护人员是实现“老有所医”的主要保障者,更是践行医养结合理念的直接执行者。但由于薪酬水平、工作环境、社会地位等因素的影响,社区医护人力资源的供给还不足以满足当前的需求。这不仅给我国养老事业的健康发展带来影响,也给医疗事业的持续发展带来影响。因此,城镇社区医护人力资源供给与需求问题的研究,对深化医养结合理念,促进养老与医疗事业协调健康发展具有重要的作用。本文主要依据双因素理论、人力资本理论及公共物品供给等相关理论,采用文献研究法、统计学方法和系统动力学方法进行研究。首先,运用文献研究法,搜集并整理社区居家养老及人力资源领域的相关研究成果;其次,运用SPSS和EXCEL统计软件对模型中的需求与供给两方面的关键因素进行统计分析及参数估计;最后,在因果关系图和流图绘制的基础上,建立结构方程,进而构建SD模型。并对2013-2050年社区医护人力资源的供给和需求进行仿真预测,并做相关结果分析。通过上述研究,本文有以下结论:第一,城镇社区居家养老的医护人力资源供需比未来变化趋势是先快速增加,达到最大值0.9593,然后出现缓慢下降的趋势。第二,通过情景分析得出选择社区居家养老老年人比例、社区医师和护士配置比对供需比的影响较为显著。第三,工资并非是影响医护人力资源供给量的唯一决定性因素,诸如工作的平台效应、社会地位、职业发展前景等因素都会对其产生影响。第四,其他卫生机构医护人力资源和行业志愿者人数是社区医护人力资源的主要供给来源。最后从盘活现有医护人力资源、挖掘潜在医护人力资源以及实现社区医护人力资源供需平衡的相关配套措施三个方面提出相关的对策建议。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization in our country, the aging of the urban population and the aging of the urban population are becoming more and more serious, which makes the life and health of the elderly population gradually become the focus of attention of the society. Because of the traditional concept of the aged and the weakening of the family pension function and the insufficient service of the institutional old-age care, the way of providing for the aged at home in the community is more and more chosen by the elderly because of its advantages in many aspects. Community health service institutions are the primary medical institutions closest to the residents of the community. Community health care personnel who provide professional and timely medical services to the elderly in the community are the main guarantors of the realization of "old people with medical care." But due to salary level, working environment, social status and other factors, The supply of community medical and nursing human resources is not enough to meet the current demand, which not only has an impact on the healthy development of the old-age service in our country, but also has an impact on the sustainable development of the medical service. The study on the supply and demand of medical and nursing human resources in urban communities plays an important role in deepening the concept of combination of medical care and support and promoting the coordinated and healthy development of old-age care and medical care. The theory of human capital and the supply of public goods are studied by the methods of literature research, statistics and system dynamics. Collect and organize the related research results in the field of community home pension and human resources; secondly, use SPSS and EXCEL statistical software to analyze and estimate the key factors of demand and supply in the model. Based on the drawing of causality diagram and flow diagram, the structure equation is established, and then the SD model is constructed. The supply and demand of community health care human resources in 2013-2050 are predicted by simulation, and the related results are analyzed. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the demand and supply of medical and nursing human resources in urban communities for the aged at home is increasing rapidly, reaching a maximum of 0.9593, and then decreasing slowly. Through the situation analysis, it is concluded that the proportion of elderly aged in community home, the ratio of community doctors and nurses to supply and demand ratio is more significant. Third, salary is not the only decisive factor affecting the supply of medical and nursing human resources. Factors such as the platform effect of work, social status and career development prospects all have an impact on it. Fourth, The number of health care human resources and industry volunteers in other health institutions are the main supply sources of community health care human resources. Some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward in three aspects: excavating the potential medical and nursing human resources and realizing the balance between supply and demand of community medical human resources.
【学位授予单位】：上海工程技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R197.6

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