现役高水平田径运动员退役意向及身份转型选择研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 23:32

本文选题：高水平　切入点：田径运动员　出处：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济逐步走向市场化经济体制,在运动队迅速发展的同时,运动员的退役安置问题成为了社会关注的焦点。我国运动员培养采取“举国体制”,培养一名优秀的运动员需要优秀的教练团队、充足的后勤保障、适宜的训练场地,在人力、物力、财力上都需要较大的付出。我国田径项目近年全面复苏,培养了一批高水平的田径运动员,同时如何合理安置高水平退役运动员,寻找适宜他们退役转型路线,不仅关系到运动员的个人发展和前途,运动队的长期稳定,更是关系到我国田径项目的长期发展和人才流通,是亟待解决的重点问题。本文通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法,以调查现役高水平田径运动员退役意向及身份转型选择为核心,结合退役高水平田径运动员就业现状及社会对于高水平田径运动员的需求进行SWOT分析,旨在为我国现役高水平田径运动员的退役选择及身份转型提供指导意见,使其更好地认清社会状况及自身条件,能更有效及合理的为退役做好相应准备,保证我国田径人才的更为优化利用及分配,减少人才流失和浪费。本文研究的主要结论如下:1现役高水平田径运动员意向学历水平以硕士研究生为主,但仍存在学训矛盾及“有学历。无文化”的现象,部分运动员对高等教育适应程度较差,且对自身文化教育程度规划性不足。2现役高水平田径运动员意向就业方向仍以体育相关行业为主,意向就业行业选择较为集中。造成这一现象一方面由于运动员对于近年相关政策及制度了解程度较低,另一方面由于自身对于退役准备不足,选择面狭窄。3现役高水平田径运动员择业途径仍以政府安置为主,自主择业比例较过去有所上升但思想仍较为保守,对择业就业仍较为不利。自主创业仍未能成为运动员的主要择业渠道。同时虽对退役收入预期较高,但对退役后的就业及转型态度较为不乐观。4现役高水平田径运动员对自身就业及身份转型规划较弱,自主进行相关学习意识较差,社会认知及职业相关教育和技能培训欠缺,对意向转型的行业认知程度较低,欠缺较大。5现役高水平田径运动员意向转型身份类型仍以学生或体育相关职业为主,且对自身身份转型意识较弱,需要较长时间适应自身的身份转变,相应知识储备及技能储备较少。6社会对于高水平田径运动员的需求量上升,提供了大量的就业机会和更好的就业环境,但同时相关招聘要求及条件也更为复杂,对人才要求更为严苛。我国高水平田径运动员就业机会更多,就业面更广阔但同时面临了更大的挑战。
[Abstract]:With the gradual development of our country's economy towards the market-oriented economic system, the issue of retirement and placement of athletes has become the focus of social attention while the sports teams are developing rapidly.The training of athletes in our country adopts the "national system", and the training of an excellent athlete needs excellent coach team, sufficient logistic support, suitable training ground, and needs more effort in manpower, material resources and financial resources.In recent years, the track and field events in our country have fully recovered, trained a group of high level track and field athletes, and how to reasonably arrange the high-level retired athletes and find a suitable route for their retirement transformation is not only related to the individual development and future of the athletes.The long-term stability of sports team is related to the long-term development of track and field events and the circulation of talents, which is the key problem to be solved urgently.Based on the methods of literature, questionnaire, interview, mathematical statistics and logic analysis, this paper focuses on the investigation of retired intention and status transition choice of current high-level track and field athletes.Combined with the current employment situation of retired high-level track and field athletes and the needs of the society for high-level track and field athletes, SWOT analysis is carried out in order to provide guidance for the retired selection and identity transformation of current high-level track and field athletes in our country.It can better understand the social situation and its own conditions, make more effective and reasonable preparation for retirement, ensure the more optimal utilization and distribution of track and field talents in China, and reduce the brain drain and waste.The main conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. The intention level of track and field athletes in active service is mainly master's degree, but there are still contradictions of learning and training and "having education".The phenomenon of "no culture", some athletes have poor adaptation to higher education, and their own cultural and educational level of planning is not enough .2 the intention of track and field athletes in active service is still mainly in sports related industries.The choice of intention employment industry is more concentrated.This phenomenon is caused by, on the one hand, the lack of understanding of the relevant policies and systems of athletes in recent years, and, on the other hand, their inadequate preparation for retirement.The selective facet narrow .3 active service high level track and field athletes still take the government placement as the main way to choose their careers, the proportion of independent choice of track and field is higher than in the past, but the thought is still more conservative, which is still more disadvantageous to the choice of employment.Independent entrepreneurship has not yet become the main career choice channel for athletes.At the same time, although the expectation of retired income is high, the attitude of employment and transition after retirement is not optimistic. 4 the track and field athletes in active service have weak planning of their own employment and identity transition, and their consciousness of independent learning is poor.The lack of social cognition, vocational education and skill training, low level of knowledge about intention transformation industry, lack of 5. 5 active service high level track and field athletes intention to transition status type is still mainly students or sports related occupations.Moreover, the consciousness of identity transformation is weak, it needs a long time to adapt to its identity change, and the corresponding knowledge and skills reserve is less. 6 the demand for high level track and field athletes in the society is rising.It provides a large number of employment opportunities and a better employment environment, but at the same time related recruitment requirements and conditions are more complex, more stringent requirements for talent.China's high-level track and field athletes have more employment opportunities and broader employment opportunities, but at the same time face greater challenges.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G82

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