我国畜禽养殖污染防治模式分区研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 02:00

本文选题：畜禽养殖 + 污染防治分区　；参考：《湖南农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国畜禽养殖业快速发展的同时,也面临着严峻的环境污染问题。但我国畜禽养殖污染防治起步较晚,对畜禽养殖污染认识不够全面,各地区在治理畜禽养殖污染时存在技术模式把握不准、管理措施缺乏的严重不足。本文通过大量的现场调查、专家咨询、文献查找,全面了解影响畜禽养殖污染的主要原因,通过对几种评价方法分析比较,选择层次分析法进一步研究影响畜禽养殖污染防治模式选择的主导因子,然后对我国31个省(直辖市、自治区)的360个市的统计年鉴中影响畜禽养殖污染防治模式选择的主导因子的数据进行收集分段,通过聚类分析法进行区域划分,对每个区域的特点进行总结分析,提出适合不同区域的畜禽养殖污染防治模式及污染治理设施建设要求。主要结论如下：(1)层次分析法有效地运用于综合考虑因素多,数据多的案例,适合从宏观上分析畜禽养殖污染模式的主导因子。而模糊评价法、秩和比法、综合考虑法、topsis法在畜禽养殖方面应用不多,不适合从宏观上研究。(2)本文首次将层次分析法应用于畜禽养殖污染模式研究。采用组合要素分析的方法分析出与畜禽养殖污染防治模式相关的主要影响因素,然后通过专家咨询法、相关性分析法建立了包括自然条件、农业基础条件、农业社会经济条件3个准则层,10个指标层,并利用层次分析法分析出5个畜禽养殖污染防治模式的主导因子,分别是：年降雨量、年均气温、地形地貌特征、农业播种面积和经济强度。(3)通过对全国各地市年降雨量、年均气温、人均农业播种面积和人均GDP的不同段赋值,利用聚类分析法将我国360个市归类,结合地形地貌特征将我国360个市分为14个区域,分别是青藏区、甘新蒙区、黄土高原区、西南区、长江中下游区、华南区、东北区、长城沿线区、华北平原区、沿海-经济发达区、四川盆地区、淮南区、内蒙区、北蒙黑区。(5)总结我国粪污处理方式及其特点,粪便清理方式主要有干清粪、水冲粪和水泡粪；粪便处理方式主要有直接农业利用、简单堆肥后农业利用、生产有机肥；污水处理方式主要有直接农业利用、厌氧处理后农业利用、厌氧好氧达标排放。(6)根据各个区域的特点,结合各个区域的冰封期,农业种植间隔期等因素,针对猪、牛、鸡三类主要养殖品种,对每个地区散养户、专业户和规模化养殖场提出适合畜禽养殖污染防治模式和建设要求。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding industry in China, it is also faced with severe environmental pollution problems. However, the prevention and control of livestock and poultry pollution in our country started late, the understanding of livestock and poultry pollution was not comprehensive enough, the technical mode was not sure and the management measures were lack of serious deficiency in the control of livestock and poultry pollution in various regions. Through a lot of field investigation, expert consultation and literature search, this paper comprehensively understands the main reasons that affect livestock and poultry breeding pollution, and analyzes and compares several evaluation methods. Selective Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to further study the dominant factors that affect the selection of pollution control modes for livestock and poultry breeding, and then 31 provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government) in China, In the statistical yearbook of 360 cities of the autonomous region, the data of the leading factors that affect the selection of control modes for livestock and poultry pollution prevention and control are collected and segmented, and the characteristics of each region are summarized and analyzed by cluster analysis. The model of pollution prevention and control and the construction requirements of pollution control facilities for livestock and poultry breeding in different regions were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is effectively applied to the cases with more comprehensive factors and more data, which is suitable for analyzing the dominant factors of livestock and poultry breeding pollution pattern from the macro perspective. However, the fuzzy evaluation method, rank sum ratio method and comprehensive consideration method are not widely used in livestock and poultry breeding, so it is not suitable to study the pollution model of livestock and poultry breeding by AHP for the first time. The main influencing factors related to the prevention and control mode of livestock and poultry pollution were analyzed by the method of combination factor analysis, and then the natural condition and the basic condition of agriculture were established by expert consultation and correlation analysis. The main factors of pollution prevention and control mode of livestock and poultry breeding were analyzed by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The main factors were: annual rainfall, average annual temperature, landform and geomorphology, respectively. Agricultural sowing area and economic intensity. (3) based on the values of annual rainfall, average annual temperature, per capita agricultural sowing area and GDP per capita, 360 cities in China were classified by cluster analysis. Combined with topographic and geomorphological features, 360 cities in China are divided into 14 regions, namely, Qinghai-Tibet region, Ganxinmeng region, Loess Plateau, Southwest region, Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River, South China, Northeast, the Great Wall, North China Plain, etc. In coastal and economic developed area, Sichuan basin area, Huainan area, Inner Mongolia area, North Mongolia area. 5) summing up the faeces disposal methods and their characteristics in our country, the main ways of excrement cleaning are dry cleaning, water washing and blistering. Faecal disposal mainly includes direct agricultural utilization, simple composting, agricultural utilization and production of organic fertilizer; sewage treatment mainly includes direct agricultural utilization, anaerobic treatment, agricultural utilization, anaerobic standard discharge, etc.) according to the characteristics of each region, Combined with the ice period of each region and the period of agricultural planting interval, aiming at three kinds of main breed of pig, cattle and chicken, this paper puts forward the suitable pollution prevention mode and construction requirements for the individual farmers, specialized households and large-scale farms in each area.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X713

【参考文献】