中、俄对哈萨克斯坦贸易与直接投资合作研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 19:35

本文选题：哈萨克斯坦 + 俄罗斯　；参考：《新疆师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：贸易和投资作为国家间经济交往的重要方式,可以有力地推动参与合作的国家国民经济的增长、产业结构的调整等。苏联解体之初,哈萨克斯坦经济一直处于下滑状态,出现严重通货膨胀,工业生产急剧下降,民众生活较困难,此时的哈萨克斯坦需要经济上强有力的国家对其支持,与此同时,哈萨克斯坦奉行实用与平衡战略,以周边国家为优先合作伙伴,积极开展对外合作,最终达到恢复国家经济及稳定国内政治环境的目的。中国、俄罗斯不仅是哈萨克斯坦的邻国,更是哈萨克斯坦重要的经济合作伙伴。自1992年中哈建交以来,两国政府领导往来密切,签订有关经贸和投资领域的双边文件,开展贸易和投资合作;俄罗斯作为哈萨克斯坦传统上的经济合作伙伴,虽然苏联解体,但两国间的贸易和投资合作并没有就此中断。2015年底,俄罗斯与哈萨克斯坦和中国与哈萨克斯坦的贸易额占哈萨克斯坦对外贸易总额的19.19%和13.91%;是哈萨克斯坦第一和第二大贸易伙伴国;中国对哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯对哈萨克斯坦的直接投资存量占哈萨克斯坦引进外商直接投资总额的2.3%和2.6%,在哈萨克斯坦的外商直接投资来源国中,分列第六和第五位。利用哈萨克斯坦统计年鉴和国际贸易中心的相关数据分析国内经济发展现状,哈萨克斯坦经济逐步向好,产业结构呈现“三二一”序列,对外贸易、外资引进及对外投资都呈现出良好的增长态势,与中国的贸易合作多属于产业间贸易,而与俄罗斯的贸易合作多属于产业内贸易,中、俄对哈的直接投资领域分别集中在采掘业和零售批发贸易领域;通过线性回归的实证分析方法得出,中国与哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯与哈萨克斯坦的贸易、直接投资对哈萨克斯坦经济增长都呈正相关,即对哈萨克斯坦的经济增长有促进作用,而且不同的经济合作方式对经济增长的促进程度不同,俄哈贸易带动哈萨克斯坦GDP的增长额略高于中哈贸易带动哈萨克斯坦GDP的增长额,中国对哈萨克斯坦的直接投资对哈萨克斯坦GDP的拉动作要高于俄罗斯对哈萨克斯坦的直接投资对哈萨克斯坦GDP的拉动作要,主要是由于贸易和投资的规模和结构不同造成的;对比中哈与俄哈的贸易结构和投资结构,发现在哈国主要进口商品来源国中,中、俄属于竞争关系,而中、俄对哈直接投资的主要领域不同,中国在与哈萨克斯坦进开展贸易和直接投资时,可发展与应适当调整贸易结构和投资领域,出口具有竞争优势的商品,投资具有发展潜力的领域,最终实现互利共赢。
[Abstract]:As an important way of economic communication between countries, trade and investment can promote the growth of national economy and the adjustment of industrial structure. At the beginning of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the economy of Kazakhstan had been in a state of decline, with severe inflation, a sharp decline in industrial production, and a difficult life for its people. At that time, Kazakhstan needed strong economic support from the country. At the same time, Kazakhstan pursues a practical and balanced strategy, regards neighboring countries as priority partners, actively carries out foreign cooperation, and finally achieves the goal of restoring the national economy and stabilizing the domestic political environment. China and Russia are not only Kazakhstan's neighbors, but also Kazakhstan's important economic partners. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Kazakhstan in 1992, the leaders of the two countries have conducted close exchanges, signed bilateral documents on trade, trade and investment, and carried out trade and investment cooperation. Russia, as Kazakhstan's traditional economic cooperation partner, although the Soviet Union disintegrated, But trade and investment cooperation between the two countries has not been suspended by the end of 2015. The volume of trade between Russia and Kazakhstan and between China and Kazakhstan accounts for 19.19% and 13.91% of Kazakhstan's total foreign trade volume and is the first and second largest trading partner of Kazakhstan. The stock of China's direct investment in Kazakhstan and Russia accounts for 2.3% and 2.6% of the total amount of foreign direct investment (FDI) imported from Kazakhstan, ranking sixth and fifth among the countries of origin of foreign direct investment in Kazakhstan. Using the statistical yearbook of Kazakhstan and relevant data from the International Trade Center to analyze the current situation of domestic economic development, Kazakhstan's economy is gradually improving, the industrial structure presents a "March 21" sequence, and foreign trade, Foreign investment and foreign investment have shown a good growth trend. Trade cooperation with China is mostly inter-industry trade, while trade cooperation with Russia is mostly intra-industry trade. Russia's direct investment in Kazakhstan is concentrated in the fields of extractive industry and retail and wholesale trade respectively. Through the empirical analysis method of linear regression, it is concluded that China and Kazakhstan and Russia and Kazakhstan trade, Direct investment is positively related to Kazakhstan's economic growth, that is, it promotes Kazakhstan's economic growth, and different forms of economic cooperation promote economic growth to different degrees. The growth of GDP in Kazakhstan led by Russian-Kazakh trade is slightly higher than that of GDP in Kazakhstan driven by trade between China and Kazakhstan. China's direct investment in Kazakhstan to Kazakhstan's GDP is higher than that of Russia's to Kazakhstan's GDP, mainly due to the different scale and structure of trade and investment. By comparing the trade structure and investment structure between China and Kazakhstan, we find that among the major countries of origin of Kazakh imports, China and Russia belong to a competitive relationship, while China and Russia have different main areas of direct investment in Kazakhstan. In carrying out trade and direct investment with Kazakhstan, China can develop and should adjust its trade structure and investment fields appropriately, export commodities with competitive advantages, invest in areas with development potential, and ultimately achieve mutual benefit and win-win results.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F125;F151.2

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