吉林省农民收入结构问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 13:48

  本文选题：农民收入结构 + 农民非农收入　； 参考：《吉林农业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：20世纪90年代以来,伴随着中国经济市场化改革与工业化、城镇化进程的加快,大量农村富余劳动力开始向非农产业流动,农民从事非农经营活动收入和外出务工取得的工资性收入逐渐增加,农民收入对土地的依赖程度呈现下降的趋势,这不仅有利于土地流转和农业劳动力向城镇转移,而且有利于城乡统筹发展,实现城乡一体化。近年来,吉林省农民非农收入在农民收入中的比重小,非农收入的总量和比例均有待提高。如何为农民非农经营活动和外出务工提供更多的机会,进而增加农民非农收入是吉林省农民持续增收的核心,也是缩小城乡收入差距的关键。本论文以吉林省农民收入结构作为研究的主题,共分为八章。其中:第一、二章为论文的理论分析部分,提出本论文的研究背景及研究意义、研究目的、研究方法、相关概念界定、理论基础和国内外研究现状等内容;第三、四、五、六、七章为实证分析部分,第三章分析了吉林省农民收入结构现状;第四、五章分别从宏观和微观视角利用时间序列数据和截面数据分析了吉林省农民收入结构的影响因素;第六章分别从粮食生产、非农就业、居民消费和经济增长等方面分析了吉林省农民收入结构的变动效应;第七章对吉林省现行农民收入支持政策给予评价,提出了政策改革方向;第八章为对前面研究的总结并提出相关对策建议。主要研究结论如下:(1)吉林省农民收入不论是增量还是增速,都经历了从低速增长向快速增长转变的过程,而且吉林省农民收入的非农化特征逐渐表现出来。但在吉林省农民收入的构成中,仍以家庭经营性收入为主,家庭经营性收入中第一产业占有绝大比重,第一产业的内部结构,种植业一枝独秀,特别是玉米种植业收入占比较大。从收入结构变动来看,农民家庭经营性收入有下降趋势,但是下降幅度并不明显,农民工资性收入逐年增加,所占比重虽然有上升趋势,但是上升的幅度不大,工资性收入对农民收入增长的提升作用不明显。吉林省农民财产性收入增长的幅度不大,占农民收入的比重一直较低,并且近年来呈现下降的趋势。随着国家支农惠农力度不断加大,吉林省农民转移性收入逐年增加,所占比重缓慢上升。(2)基于宏观视角利用时间序列数据实证研究结果表明:吉林省农民收入结构与“城镇化经济水平”、“非农资本活跃度”、“二、三产业发展力”正相关。这与经验分析相吻合,城镇化发展可较好地推动农民到城镇和二、三产业就业,农民收入结构也得到了相应的变化。农村劳动力教育水平的提高有利于农民非农就业,推动农民收入结构变动。第二、三产业的发展趋势和速度,也就是其发展力,与农民收入结构变动有着密切联系。政府对农业的基础设施建设投资越大,越有利于促进农业现代化的发展,进而促使农业生产规模和经营环境整体优化,资源配置更高效,这样会促进从事农业生产活动的农民农业经营性收入增加,导致农民对家庭非农经营性收入和外出务工获得工资性收入等非农收入的获取动机减弱。(3)基于微观视角利用截面数据实证研究结果可以看出:在外部环境一定情况下,农民非农收入会受到农民自身因素、居住地因素、家庭因素的影响。从农民自身因素来看,男性农民非农收入略高于女性;青壮年农民非农收入高于中老年;文化水平高的农民非农收入更高;未婚农民非农收入大于已婚农民。从居住地因素来看,离县城距离近以及居住区附近有非农企业,农民会获得十分有利的增加非农收入的机会。从家庭因素来看,家庭耕种土地越多,非农收入比重越小,而家务负担比较小的农民则因为其有良好的家庭后盾支撑,会勇于尝试非农方面就业,非农收入比重大。(4)对不同类型农民的土地利用效率的研究发现,一定非农收入有利于农户土地利用效率的提高,但是当农民非农收入所占比重超过一定水平时,例如,非农收入超过50%时,农民土地利用的效率会出现下降的趋势,由此可以推论,农民收入结构变动会给粮食生产带来一定的影响。(5)吉林省农民收入结构和农民非农就业的变化趋势相同,从实证结果来看,吉林省农民非农就业对农民收入结构变动的冲击作用要大于吉林省农民收入结构变动对吉林省农民非农就业的冲击作用。吉林省由于农民人均耕地资源较丰富,农民非农收入的增加并不能够让农民放弃农业经营。而且,随着国家支农惠农力度的加大,农业各种补贴也使得农民经营农业的积极性增强,导致农民放弃农业经营转向其他职业的机会成本变大,农民并不愿意放弃农业经营去转变职业角色。另外,近年来吉林省乡镇企业经营出现了衰退的现象,乡镇非农经济的不景气也让想放弃农业经营的农民失去了安全感,农民对职业转换的意图更加淡漠。(6)在收入结构对消费支出结构的影响方面,家庭经营性收入和工资性收入仍然是影响农民基本消费支出的最主要收入来源,转移性收入对农民非基本生活消费支出的正向影响较大,尤其是对农民文化教育方面消费支出的影响处于四个收入来源之首。工资性收入和转移性收入对农民医疗消费支出的正向影响较大,工资性收入对农民交通通讯消费支出的正向影响最大。(7)实证结果表明,农民非农收入的变化与地区经济发展之间存在着长期密切的关系。地区经济的发展能够为农民非农就业提供更多的机会,同时地区经济的发展也为农民务工收入的增长提供保障。农民非农收入的变化对地区经济发展的影响也呈现正向影响,但是影响的幅度并不大,说明农民非农收入与地区经济发展的关系,更多的表现为地区经济发展对农民非农收入的影响。(8)现行农民收入支持政策对于促进吉林省农民增收取得了一定成效,但粮食支持政策、土地流转政策、区域发展政策和新型农业经营主体培育政策仍有完善的空间,垄断式的收储政策制约了市场功能的正常发挥,临储价格的实施也使得大量的生态脆弱区、湿地保护区变成了玉米种植区,破坏了生态环境,也造成了下游产业的高成本效应。未来,粮食价格保护政策的改革需要实施目标价格制度,推动玉米后续产业发展。粮食补贴政策实施以来,极大地调动了农民种粮积极性,稳定了粮食产量,确保了国家的粮食安全。但是实施普惠式补贴,难以激励种粮大户和种粮专业户。同时,补贴力度不足,偏重社会效益,忽视生态效益。未来应实施差异化粮食补贴政策,向专业种粮农民倾斜,促进土地流转,强化生态环境意识,重视农业保险补贴,降低农业灾害与市场风险。同时,中央政府应该加大对吉林省区域经济发展的支持力度,积极培育新型农业经营主体,推动农业现代化进程。与己有的研究相比,本研究主要在以下几个方面进行了新探索和尝试:(1)在研究内容方面,本研究从农民收入结构这个新的视角分析吉林省农民增收,通过时间序列数据和截面数据分析农民收入结构变动的影响因素,挖掘农民收入的潜在增长点,是对已有研究的有益补充。(2)在分析方法方面,运用多种计量经济学的分析方法,从农民收入结构切入,对经济发展、城镇化、人力资本等与农民收入结构变动密切相关的因素进行计量分析,对农民个体、家庭和社区对农民收入结构变动的影响采用累积Logistic回归分析方法,弥补了以往研究偏重定性描述性分析的不足,使研究更加科学合理。(3)本文通过研究粮食主产区、老工业基地这样一个背景下吉林省农民收入结构问题,对现行的农民收入支持政策给予评价,提出吉林省农民增收需要中央政府对吉林省区域发展给予政策支持。同时,应该改革玉米临储价格政策,推动玉米后续产业发展。实施差异化粮食补贴政策,促进土地流转,培育新型农业经营主体,这对吉林省农民增收更加具有指导意义。
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, with the reform and industrialization of China's economic marketization and industrialization and the accelerated process of urbanization, a large number of rural surplus labor force began to flow to non-agricultural industries, and the wage income of farmers engaged in non-agricultural business activities and migrant workers increased gradually, and the dependence of farmers' income on land showed a declining trend. This is not only conducive to the transfer of land and agricultural labor to cities and towns, but also to the overall development of urban and rural areas, and to realize the integration of urban and rural areas. In recent years, the proportion of farmers' non agricultural income in the income of farmers in Jilin province is small, the total amount and proportion of non-agricultural income are still to be improved. Opportunity, and then increase farmers' non agricultural income is the core of the continuous increase of farmers' income in Jilin province. It is also the key to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. This thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first, second chapter is the theoretical analysis part of the paper, and the research background and research significance of this paper are put forward, and the research significance of this paper is put forward. Objective, research methods, definition of related concepts, theoretical basis and current research status at home and abroad; third, fourth, five, six, seven are empirical analysis parts, and the third chapter analyses the status of farmers' income structure in Jilin province. The fourth, fifth chapter analyses farmers' income in Jilin province using time series data and cross section data from macro and micro perspectives. The sixth chapter analyzes the change effect of the farmers' income structure in Jilin province from the aspects of grain production, non-agricultural employment, residents' consumption and economic growth. The seventh chapter gives the evaluation of the current policy of farmers' income support in Jilin Province, and puts forward the direction of policy reform; the eighth chapter is the summary of the previous research and the relevant suggestions. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) farmers' income in Jilin province has experienced the process of changing from low speed growth to rapid growth, and the non agricultural characteristics of farmers' income in Jilin province are gradually displayed. But in the composition of farmers' income in Jilin Province, it is still based on family management income and family management. The first industry has a large proportion of the first industry, the internal structure of the first industry, the planting industry alone, especially the corn planting income account for a relatively large income. From the change of income structure, the income of farmers' families has a downward trend, but the decline is not obvious, the wage income of farmers is increasing year by year, although the proportion of the income is rising. However, the increase of farmers' income growth is not obvious. The income growth of farmers in Jilin is not significant. The proportion of farmers' income is low, and the proportion of farmers' income has been lower in recent years, and the trend of declining in recent years. With the continuous increase of the national support for agricultural benefits, the transfer income of farmers in Jilin province is year by year. Increase, the proportion of the proportion increases slowly. (2) the results of the empirical study based on the macro perspective use time series data show that the farmers' income structure in Jilin province is positively related to "urbanization economic level", "non agricultural capital activity", "two, three industrial development power". This is in accordance with the empirical analysis, and the urbanization development can promote the farmers to the city better. The employment of the town, the two and the three industries and the income structure of the peasants have also been changed accordingly. The improvement of the education level of the rural labor force is beneficial to the farmers' non agricultural employment and the change of the farmers' income structure. The development trend and speed of the second, third industry, which is its development power, is closely related to the change of farmers' income in the structure. The greater the investment in infrastructure construction, the more conducive to the development of agricultural modernization, and the overall optimization of the scale and environment of the agricultural production and the more efficient allocation of resources. This will promote the increase in agricultural operating income of farmers engaged in agricultural production activities, and lead to the farmers' wages and income from the non farm operating income and migrant workers. The motivation of income and other non agricultural income has been weakened. (3) the results of the empirical study based on the cross-sectional data from the micro perspective can see that the farmers' non-agricultural income will be affected by the farmers' own factors, residence and family factors under the circumstances of the external environment. The non-agricultural income of the peasant farmers is higher than that of the middle-aged and the elderly; the farmers with high cultural level are higher in non agricultural income; the non-agricultural income of the unmarried farmers is greater than that of the married peasants. From the place of residence, the farmers will get a very favorable opportunity to increase the non agricultural income near the county town and near the residential area. The more land, the smaller the proportion of non-agricultural income, and the small household burden of farmers, because of their good family backing support, will be brave to try non-agricultural employment, non-agricultural income ratio is significant. (4) research on the land use efficiency of different types of farmers found that non agricultural income is beneficial to the improvement of farmers' land use efficiency. When the proportion of farmers' non-agricultural income is more than a certain level, for example, the non agricultural income exceeds 50%, the efficiency of farmers' land use will decline. Therefore, it can be deduced that the change of farmers' income structure will bring a certain influence on the grain production. (5) the change trend of farmers' income structure and farmers' non-agricultural employment in Jilin province is the same, The empirical results show that the impact of non-agricultural employment of farmers in Jilin Province on the change of farmers' income structure is greater than the impact of farmers' income structure changes in Jilin Province on non-agricultural employment of farmers in Jilin province. Because of the rich per capita cultivated land resources in Jilin Province, the increase of farmers' non-agricultural income can not allow farmers to give up agricultural operation. With the increase of the strength of the state supporting agriculture and benefiting farmers, all kinds of agricultural subsidies also make the farmers' enthusiasm for farming. The opportunity cost of farmers' abandonment of agricultural management to other professions has become bigger and the farmers are not willing to give up agricultural management to change their professional roles. In addition, in recent years, the operation of township enterprises in Jilin province has been declining. The recession of rural non-agricultural economy also makes the farmers who want to give up agricultural management lose their sense of security, and the peasants' intention to change jobs is more indifferent. (6) in terms of the impact of income structure on the structure of consumption expenditure, family operating income and wage income are still the main sources of income that affect farmers' basic consumption expenditure. The positive impact on Farmers' non basic consumption expenditure is greater, especially the influence on the consumption expenditure of farmers' culture and education is at the top of the four income sources. The positive impact of wage income and transfer income on Farmers' medical consumption expenditure is greater, and the positive impact of wage income on the farmers' traffic and communication consumption expenditure is the most. (7) the empirical results show that there is a long and close relationship between the farmers' non-agricultural income changes and regional economic development. The development of regional economy can provide more opportunities for farmers' non agricultural employment. Meanwhile, the development of regional economy also provides guarantee for the increase of farmers' income. The impact of the exhibition also has a positive impact, but the extent of the impact is not significant. It shows that the relationship between farmers' non-agricultural income and regional economic development is more manifested by the influence of regional economic development on Farmers' non-agricultural income. (8) the current policy of supporting farmers' income has achieved certain results in promoting the increase of farmers' income in Jilin Province, but the policy of grain support, The policy of land transfer, the policy of regional development and the cultivation policy of new agricultural management subject still have perfect space, the monopolized storage and storage policy restricts the normal play of the market function. The implementation of the storage price also makes a large number of ecological fragile areas. The wetland protection area has become a corn planting area, which has destroyed the ecological environment and caused the downstream production. In the future, the reform of the grain price protection policy needs to implement the target price system and promote the development of the follow-up industry of corn. Since the implementation of the grain subsidy policy, it has greatly mobilized the farmers' enthusiasm for grain, stabilized the grain output and ensured the food safety of the country. However, the implementation of the preferential subsidy is difficult to encourage the big grain crops. At the same time, subsidies are insufficient, social benefits are stressed, and ecological benefits are overlooked. In the future, differential grain subsidy policy should be implemented to improve the land circulation, strengthen the ecological environment awareness, pay attention to the agricultural insurance subsidy and reduce the agricultural disaster and market risk. The support of regional economic development in forestry Province, actively cultivating new agricultural operation subject and promoting the process of agricultural modernization. Compared with some research, this research has carried out new explorations and attempts in the following aspects: (1) in the research content, this study analyzes farmers' income increase in Jilin province from the new perspective of farmers' entry structure. Over time series data and cross section data analysis the influence factors of farmers' income structure changes and excavate the potential growth points of farmers' income. (2) in the analysis of methods, the analysis method of various econometrics, from the income structure of farmers, to economic development, urbanization, human capital and other farmers The factors which are closely related to the change of income structure are measured and analyzed. The cumulative Logistic regression analysis method is adopted to the influence of farmers' individual, family and community on the change of farmers' income structure. It makes up for the shortcomings of the previous research which emphasizes qualitative descriptive analysis and makes the research more scientific. (3) this paper studies the main grain production area and the old industrial base. Under such a background, the farmers' income structure in Jilin Province, appraised the current policy of farmers' income support. It is suggested that the increase of farmers' income in Jilin province needs the central government to give policy support to the regional development of Jilin province. At the same time, we should reform the price policy of corn, promote the development of the maize follow up industry and implement the differential grain subsidy. Policies, promoting land circulation and cultivating new type of agricultural management entities are of guiding significance for increasing farmers' income in Jilin.

【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.8
，

本文编号：1820194