农业院校大学生涉农创业意愿及影响因素研究
发布时间：2018-08-28 18:16
【摘要】：十八大报告中指出,“引导劳动者转变就业观念,鼓励多渠道多形式就业,促进创业带动就业,做好以高校毕业生为重点的青年就业工作”以及当下“大众创业、万众创新”的理念已成为我国的政策新形势。创业是时代所趋,更是越来越多大学生的职业生涯选择。我国作为农业大国,自2003年以来中央一号文件已连续第十四年聚焦“三农”问题,如何鼓励支持大学生涉农创业,对培养农业人才,提高农民素质,发展农村经济,具有十分重大的意义。大学生的涉农创业活动水平直接取决于大学生涉农创业意愿的高低,而涉农创业意愿又受到诸多因素的影响。这对大学生的教育提出了新的课题,推进大学生创业教育,首先要激发大学生的创业意愿。那么,农业院校大学生涉农创业意愿的影响因素到底有哪些?如何提高农业院校大学生涉农创业意愿,激发更多的大学生投身到农业创业的实践之中?针对上述问题,已有不少相关研究但仍有不足,主要体现在四方面:一是,通过调查问卷对大学生创业状况进行描述性统计的文章较多,但针对农业院校大学生涉农创业意愿方面的研究较少;二是,集中于理论研究阶段的文章较多,但结合新形势国家激励政策背景,对未来创业者提供有效解决对策的研究较少;三是,创业意愿的研究模型难以跟上时代发展,难以满足现代的研究需要;四是,对涉农创业的特点,以及涉农创业的门槛和风险因素对创业意愿的影响研究较少等。基于此,本研究从个人特质、创业教育、创业认知、创业能力、创业风险、创业门槛、创业环境、创业意愿等八个因素对影响农业院校大学生涉农创业意愿进行模型假设与理论分析,构建了多因素影响意愿模型,进一步挖掘创业风险与创业门槛的影响因素,将影响意愿的因素通过模型构建进行串联,形成意愿影响因素的完整框架。在此基础上,通过对全国21所高校1050名在校大学生进行了问卷调查和对来自8个城市共计100名已在涉农部门创业大学生进行了问卷及半开放式访谈,采用调查数据对农业院校大学生涉农创业意愿的影响因素进行了理论及实证分析,结果表明:大学生涉农创业意愿选择是一种复杂的决策行为,不仅受到个人特质、创业认知、创业能力等主观因素的影响,而且还受到创业环境、创业教育、创业风险、创业门槛等客观因素的影响;参与创业教育频率高的学生,其涉农兴趣更加浓厚,涉农创业意愿更加强烈;大学生对创业政策、创业流程认知度越高,其涉农创业意愿就越强烈;创业是否得到社会、学校和家人的认可,对农业院校大学生的涉农创业意愿,有着重要影响;学生受创业教育熏陶的程度,以及是否有涉农的实习履历等都是影响其是否进行涉农创业或继续从事涉农创业的重要因素。影响在校大学生及已创业大学生创业意愿的因素各不相同。当前在校大学生由于接受的创业培训较少,资金不足,经验缺乏,导致他们的创业动机较已创业大学生相比较低,周边未能形成良好的涉农创业环境;对已创业大学生来说,他们能力及经验丰富,有着扎实的创业功底,二者形成鲜明对比。本研究认为,提升大学生涉农创业意愿,关键是开展创业教育,创业教育的关键在于提升大学生的创业认知和创业能力;创业认知与创业特质的精髓是创业精神,塑造和培养大学生创业精神是推进大学创业教育实践的关键环节。据此提出了对策建议,为培养农业院校大学生涉农创业意愿和推进农业院校大学创业教育提供了依据和参考。
[Abstract]:In the report of the 18th National Congress of the CPC, it is pointed out that the concept of "guiding laborers to change their employment concepts, encouraging multi-channel and multi-form employment, promoting entrepreneurship to promote employment, and doing a good job of youth employment with college graduates as the focus" and the concept of "mass entrepreneurship, mass innovation" have become the new policy situation in China. As a big agricultural country, the No.1 document of the Central Committee has focused on agriculture, countryside and farmers for 14 consecutive years since 2003. How to encourage and support college students'entrepreneurship in agriculture is of great significance to cultivate agricultural talents, improve the quality of farmers and develop rural economy. The level of College Students'entrepreneurship is directly determined by their willingness to start a business involving agriculture, and their willingness to start a business involving agriculture is influenced by many factors. Some? How to Improve Agricultural University Students'entrepreneurial willingness, stimulate more students to participate in the practice of agricultural entrepreneurship? In view of the above problems, there are many related studies but there are still insufficient, mainly reflected in four aspects: First, through questionnaires on the entrepreneurial status of college students descriptive statistics of more articles, but for agriculture. Secondly, there are more articles focused on the theoretical research stage, but few studies on the effective solutions for future entrepreneurs combined with the national incentive policy background in the new situation; thirdly, the research model of entrepreneurial intention is difficult to keep up with the development of the times and meet the needs of modern research. Fourthly, there are few studies on the characteristics of agriculture-related entrepreneurship, the threshold of agriculture-related entrepreneurship and the impact of risk factors on entrepreneurial intention. Based on the model hypothesis and theoretical analysis, this paper constructs a multi-factor influencing willingness model, further excavates the influencing factors of entrepreneurial risk and entrepreneurial threshold, and connects the influencing factors through the model construction to form a complete framework of influencing factors of willingness. Questionnaires and semi-open interviews were conducted among 100 undergraduates from eight cities who had already started their own businesses in the agricultural sector. The data were used to analyze the influencing factors of Agricultural University Students'entrepreneurial intention. The results show that the choice of Undergraduates' entrepreneurial intention is a complex decision. Policy-making behavior is not only affected by individual characteristics, entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial ability and other subjective factors, but also by the entrepreneurial environment, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial risk, entrepreneurial threshold and other objective factors; students who participate in entrepreneurial education frequency, their interest in agriculture is more strong, entrepreneurial intention is more intense; college students on entrepreneurial policy, The higher the cognition of entrepreneurial process is, the stronger the entrepreneurial intention is; whether the entrepreneurial intention is recognized by the society, the school and the family has an important impact on the entrepreneurial intention of Agricultural College students; the degree of the students'entrepreneurship education, as well as whether they have a practical experience in agriculture, all affect whether they are engaged in agricultural entrepreneurship or not. There are different factors influencing the entrepreneurial willingness of college students and those who have already started their own businesses.At present, college students have less entrepreneurial training, insufficient funds and lack of experience, which leads to their lower entrepreneurial motivation than those who have already started their own businesses. This study holds that the key to enhance college students'entrepreneurial willingness is to carry out entrepreneurial education, the key to entrepreneurial education is to enhance college students' entrepreneurial awareness and entrepreneurial ability, entrepreneurial awareness and entrepreneurial characteristics of the essence. The pith is the spirit of entrepreneurship, and shaping and cultivating the spirit of entrepreneurship is the key link to promote the practice of College entrepreneurship education.
【学位授予单位】：北京农学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F279.2
本文编号：2210208
[Abstract]:In the report of the 18th National Congress of the CPC, it is pointed out that the concept of "guiding laborers to change their employment concepts, encouraging multi-channel and multi-form employment, promoting entrepreneurship to promote employment, and doing a good job of youth employment with college graduates as the focus" and the concept of "mass entrepreneurship, mass innovation" have become the new policy situation in China. As a big agricultural country, the No.1 document of the Central Committee has focused on agriculture, countryside and farmers for 14 consecutive years since 2003. How to encourage and support college students'entrepreneurship in agriculture is of great significance to cultivate agricultural talents, improve the quality of farmers and develop rural economy. The level of College Students'entrepreneurship is directly determined by their willingness to start a business involving agriculture, and their willingness to start a business involving agriculture is influenced by many factors. Some? How to Improve Agricultural University Students'entrepreneurial willingness, stimulate more students to participate in the practice of agricultural entrepreneurship? In view of the above problems, there are many related studies but there are still insufficient, mainly reflected in four aspects: First, through questionnaires on the entrepreneurial status of college students descriptive statistics of more articles, but for agriculture. Secondly, there are more articles focused on the theoretical research stage, but few studies on the effective solutions for future entrepreneurs combined with the national incentive policy background in the new situation; thirdly, the research model of entrepreneurial intention is difficult to keep up with the development of the times and meet the needs of modern research. Fourthly, there are few studies on the characteristics of agriculture-related entrepreneurship, the threshold of agriculture-related entrepreneurship and the impact of risk factors on entrepreneurial intention. Based on the model hypothesis and theoretical analysis, this paper constructs a multi-factor influencing willingness model, further excavates the influencing factors of entrepreneurial risk and entrepreneurial threshold, and connects the influencing factors through the model construction to form a complete framework of influencing factors of willingness. Questionnaires and semi-open interviews were conducted among 100 undergraduates from eight cities who had already started their own businesses in the agricultural sector. The data were used to analyze the influencing factors of Agricultural University Students'entrepreneurial intention. The results show that the choice of Undergraduates' entrepreneurial intention is a complex decision. Policy-making behavior is not only affected by individual characteristics, entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial ability and other subjective factors, but also by the entrepreneurial environment, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial risk, entrepreneurial threshold and other objective factors; students who participate in entrepreneurial education frequency, their interest in agriculture is more strong, entrepreneurial intention is more intense; college students on entrepreneurial policy, The higher the cognition of entrepreneurial process is, the stronger the entrepreneurial intention is; whether the entrepreneurial intention is recognized by the society, the school and the family has an important impact on the entrepreneurial intention of Agricultural College students; the degree of the students'entrepreneurship education, as well as whether they have a practical experience in agriculture, all affect whether they are engaged in agricultural entrepreneurship or not. There are different factors influencing the entrepreneurial willingness of college students and those who have already started their own businesses.At present, college students have less entrepreneurial training, insufficient funds and lack of experience, which leads to their lower entrepreneurial motivation than those who have already started their own businesses. This study holds that the key to enhance college students'entrepreneurial willingness is to carry out entrepreneurial education, the key to entrepreneurial education is to enhance college students' entrepreneurial awareness and entrepreneurial ability, entrepreneurial awareness and entrepreneurial characteristics of the essence. The pith is the spirit of entrepreneurship, and shaping and cultivating the spirit of entrepreneurship is the key link to promote the practice of College entrepreneurship education.
【学位授予单位】：北京农学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F279.2
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