松嫩平原耕地质量监测指标体系研究

发布时间：2018-10-08 12:17

【摘要】：耕地是人类发展和生存的重要基础来源,是最重要的农业资源和生产要素,保护耕地资源,对维护社会稳定具有重大意义。随着社会经济的发展,耕地数量持续下降,数量的下降是可见的,但质量的下降是不可见的,只有切实提高耕地质量,才能从根本上保障我国粮食安全。耕地质量监测工作是基于现有农用地分等成果和土地资源调查,了解耕地质量变化和耕地质量总体状况的重要工作。松嫩平原是东北地区重要的商品粮生产基地,通过对松嫩平原耕地质量监测指标体系的研究,可作为及时掌握平原内影响耕地质量的限制因素及耕地质量状况的基础,这对保障国家粮食安全和未来经济发展具有推进作用。本文在文献阅读基础上,界定了耕地质量、耕地质量评价、耕地质量监测等相关概念,以农业区划理论、农用地分等理论、人地关系等理论为基础,以黑龙江省松嫩平原为研究区,通过分析影响耕地质量的驱动因素,结合研究区内土地利用特点、耕作方式及区域内影响耕地质量的主要限制因素,综合考虑土地规模化经营、农田基础设施建设及农业现代化建设条件,对松嫩平原构建全面、精炼、有针对性的耕地质量监测指标体系,研究监测样点布设方法,确定监测指标周期及方法,为未来耕地质量监测工作提供借鉴与参考。本文主要内容及结论如下:(1)耕地质量影响因素诊断与分析。以耕地质量保护为根本目标,在明确相关概念和理论的基础上,深入分析引起耕地质量发生变化的驱动因素。自然因素中影响耕地质量的主要驱动因素包括气候条件、土壤性状、地形地貌、植被覆盖等因素;人为因素中包括土壤污染、土地利用方式的改变,随着人类社会的发展,土地开发整理等工程、污染治理、水土保持工程以及高标准基本农田建设整治工程措施的实施都是对耕地质量影响较大的驱动因素。(2)松嫩平原耕地质量监测指标体系构建研究。依据农用地分等理论,采用相关性分析和数理统计等方法,对农用地分等常用选取指标和指标体系进行研究和分析,为进行耕地质量监测指标选取时提供依据和借鉴。再将农用地分等与耕地质量监测有效衔接,遴选出使用频度较高的指标包括:土壤有机质含量、坡度、质地、灌排条件、土壤酸碱度值及有效土层厚度等;借鉴农业区划分区,结合研究区内限制因素,遵循耕地质量监测指标选取原则,对松嫩平原中东部温和半湿润区、松嫩平原北部温凉半湿润区、松嫩平原南部温暖半干旱区、松嫩平原北部温凉水土流失区和松嫩平原西部温暖风沙干旱盐渍化区分别建立耕地质量监测指标体系。所建立的指标体系可有效监测影响不同区耕地质量的主要限制因素,为未来耕地质量提升、高标准基本农田建设等工程的实施提供参考和支撑。(3)监测样点布设、监测周期和方法研究。在分析现有耕地质量监测样点布设方法的基础上,得出使用潜力指数组合法布设监测样点,可直观地反映各个因素自然等别的升降影响,进而准确地反映出监测地块的耕地综合质量。通过对监测指标因素稳定性分析,将指标划分为稳定指标、缓变指标、突变指标,平衡自然和社会经济等因素的扰动,分析监测指标在时间变化尺度上的差异,借鉴并总结前人研究成果,将监测指标的监测周期划分为不定期监测、定期监测、年度监测三类。在监测方法上衡量影响耕地质量的自然、土地利用方面等因素,根据具体指标特性,确定不同指标的监测方法,具体包括模型监测、实地调研采样、遥感技术、土地利用调查等监测手段和方法。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is an important source of human development and survival, is the most important agricultural resource and production factor, protects cultivated land resources, and has great significance for maintaining social stability. With the development of the society economy, the number of cultivated land is declining continuously, the decline of quantity is visible, but the decline of quality is not visible, but the quality of cultivated land can be effectively improved in order to fundamentally guarantee the food security in China. The monitoring of cultivated land quality is based on the results of existing agricultural land division and the survey of land resources, and it is important to understand the change of cultivated land quality and the overall situation of cultivated land quality. Songnen Plain is an important commodity grain production base in Northeast China. Through the study of the index system for the quality of cultivated land in Songnen Plain, it can be used as the basis for controlling the quality of cultivated land and the quality of cultivated land in the plain in a timely manner. This has a positive effect on guaranteeing national food security and the future economic development. On the basis of literature reading, this paper defines the related concepts of cultivated land quality, cultivated land quality evaluation, cultivated land quality monitoring and so on, based on the theories of agricultural zoning theory, agricultural land distribution and so on, and takes the Songnen Plain as the research area in Heilongjiang Province. Based on the analysis of the driving factors affecting the quality of cultivated land, combined with the characteristics of land use in the study area, the methods of farming and the main limiting factors affecting the quality of cultivated land in the region, the paper comprehensively considers the conditions of large-scale operation of land, the construction of farmland infrastructure and the construction of agricultural modernization. To construct a comprehensive, refined and targeted system for monitoring the quality of cultivated land in Songnen Plain, to study the method of monitoring sample points, to determine the period and method of monitoring index, and to provide reference and reference for the future cultivation of cultivated land quality. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the diagnosis and analysis of the influencing factors of cultivated land quality. Based on the clear related concepts and theories, the driving factors causing the change of cultivated land quality are deeply analyzed based on the clear related concepts and theories. The main driving factors that affect the quality of cultivated land in natural factors include climate condition, soil character, topography, vegetation cover, etc. The human factors include soil pollution, land use change, along with the development of human society, land development and arrangement and other projects, pollution control, Soil and water conservation projects and the implementation of basic farmland construction and control measures of high standards are driving factors that have great influence on the quality of cultivated land. (2) Study on the index system of cultivated land quality in Songnen Plain. According to the theory of farmland division and so on, the paper studies and analyzes the common selection indexes and index system of agricultural land, and provides the basis and reference for the selection of farmland quality monitoring index. The soil organic matter content, slope, texture, irrigation and drainage conditions, soil pH value and effective soil layer thickness, etc. are selected from the index including soil organic matter content, slope, texture, irrigation and drainage condition, soil pH value and effective soil layer thickness, etc. according to the selection principle of the quality monitoring index of the cultivated land, a warm semi-humid area in the north of the Songnen Plain, a warm and semi-humid area in the northern part of the Songnen Plain, a warm semi-arid area in the south of the Songnen Plain, In the north of Songnen Plain, the index system for monitoring the quality of cultivated land was established in the warm sand and soil erosion area in the northern part of Songnen Plain and the warm sand and sand in the west of Songnen Plain. The established index system can effectively monitor the main limiting factors that affect the quality of cultivated land in different areas, and provide reference and support for the implementation of the future cultivated land quality improvement and high standard basic farmland construction. (3) Monitoring sample point layout, monitoring period and method research. On the basis of analyzing the distribution method of the existing cultivated land quality monitoring sample points, it is concluded that using the potential index group to properly arrange the monitoring sample points can intuitively reflect the influence of various factors such as nature and the like, and further accurately reflect the comprehensive quality of the cultivated land in the monitoring land. By analyzing the stability of the monitoring index factors, the indexes are divided into stable index, slow change index, mutation index, balance natural and social economy, and the difference of the monitoring indexes on the time variation scale is analyzed, and the previous research results are used for reference and summarized. The monitoring period of the monitoring indicators is divided into three categories: irregular monitoring, regular monitoring and annual monitoring. The monitoring methods of different indexes, including model monitoring, field investigation sampling, remote sensing technology, land use survey and other monitoring methods, are determined by measuring the factors affecting the quality of cultivated land in the monitoring method, including model monitoring, field investigation sampling, remote sensing technology and land use survey.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S159.2

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