内蒙古玉米种植及化肥成本收益研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 10:45

【摘要】：玉米种植在农业生产中占据的地位越来越被重视。要解决13亿人口的吃饭生存问题,必须提高粮食产量。那么如何提高玉米产量呢?在农产品播种面积、施用的化肥肥料、农业技巧,农业机械化、灌溉投入、农村农户劳动力投入等种种因素当中,究竟哪一个因素处在较为起到显著的状态的作用呢?明确掌握农产品玉米成本的构成结构,计算出各构成要素在总成本当中所占的比重以及玉米种植的成本收益、化肥成本在总成本当中占的比重,并分析玉米种植中所施用的化肥施用情况。在市场经济条件下,玉米种植要以成本最小化,利润最大化为最大经济目标是对玉米种植成本收益具有重大意义。利用成本收益分析方法,在与不同地区玉米成本收益比较分析、内蒙古玉米成本收益的基础上,对化肥施用进行成本收益分析,并着重分析了化肥使用对玉米生产中的比重以及变动趋势,由此得出收益成本变化。本文首先对不同地区与内蒙古玉米种植成本收益进行比较,选取辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、河北等玉米种植主产区,与内蒙古玉米种植成本本收益进行比较。重点因素包括：玉米种植总成本、净利润、生产成本和产值合计进行比较。由于不同地区的地理位置和自然条件与气候变化等不同因素,玉米种植业存在多方面的地方性差异。其次,对内蒙古玉米种植化肥成本收益进行统计分析,从化肥成本入手,比较分析了玉米化肥成本及其各构成要素变化趋势,如化肥费、种子费、农家费、农膜费、机械作业费、畜力费等对玉米生产有直接影响的因素所占的比重以及玉米种植中所使用的化肥成本收益之间的关系并系统的研究了内蒙古玉米种植中的化肥施用情况。分析得出,农业生产中,首先考虑的是成本与收益问题。因此在玉米种植过程中会控制成本,选择其认为最合理的要素比例。其中化肥是玉米种植中不可或缺的投入要素,化肥投入可以增加玉米的产出,提高粮食产量；但是同时化肥投入是农业生产成本。因此只要化肥的边际收入大于边际成本就会增加化肥的投入从而实现收益的加大。最后,对全文的结论进行归纳、总结,并提出相应的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Corn planting plays a more and more important role in agricultural production. In order to solve the problem of feeding and survival of 1.3 billion people, we must increase grain production. So how to increase corn yield? Which of the factors, such as the planting area of agricultural products, fertilizer and fertilizer applied, agricultural techniques, agricultural mechanization, irrigation input, labor input of rural farmers and so on, is playing a more significant role? Clearly grasp the structure of the cost of agricultural products corn, calculate the proportion of each component element in the total cost, the cost benefit of corn planting, the proportion of chemical fertilizer cost in the total cost, The application of chemical fertilizer in maize planting was analyzed. Under the condition of market economy, it is of great significance to minimize the cost and maximize the profit of maize planting. Based on the cost-benefit analysis method, the cost and benefit analysis of chemical fertilizer application was carried out on the basis of comparative analysis of maize cost and benefit with different regions and Inner Mongolia corn cost and income. The proportion and changing trend of fertilizer use in maize production were analyzed, and the change of income and cost was obtained. In this paper, the cost and income of maize planting in different regions and Inner Mongolia were compared. Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei and other main corn planting areas were selected to compare with Inner Mongolia corn planting cost. The key factors include: total cost of corn planting, net profit, production cost and total output value. Because of different factors such as geographical location, natural conditions and climate change in different regions, there are many local differences in maize planting industry. Secondly, the cost and income of planting chemical fertilizer in Inner Mongolia are analyzed statistically, and the cost of chemical fertilizer and its components are compared and analyzed from the cost of chemical fertilizer, such as fertilizer fee, seed cost, farm family fee, farm film cost. The relationship between the proportion of factors which have direct influence on maize production and the cost and benefit of chemical fertilizer used in maize planting is studied systematically in Inner Mongolia. Analysis, agricultural production, the first consideration is the cost and income. Therefore, the cost will be controlled in the process of corn planting, and the most reasonable proportion of elements will be chosen. Chemical fertilizer is an indispensable input element in maize planting. The input of chemical fertilizer can increase the output of corn and increase the grain yield, but at the same time, the input of chemical fertilizer is the cost of agricultural production. So long as the marginal income of fertilizer is greater than the marginal cost, it will increase the input of fertilizer and realize the increase of income. Finally, the conclusion of the paper is summarized, and the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F326.11

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