基于认知差异的建设工程综合评估法评标指标研究

发布时间：2019-06-10 04:11

【摘要】：我国建筑市场属于典型的买方市场,其特点是存在一个买方多个卖方,卖方出价最低者可以得到标的物,这就造成了我国建筑市场中承包商激烈竞争的局面。针对施工技术难度较大的施工总承包项目,多采用综合评估法的招投标形式选择综合实力强的承包商,承包商如何在众多竞争者中脱颖而出获得项目是施工企业在招投标阶段考虑的重点。综合评估法的评标体系由业主确定,评标指标及其分值反映了业主对该指标的重视程度和对承包商的要求。但是,评标指标完全由业主方拟定,没有考虑承包商对评标体系的认可程度,业主认为的重要评价指标在承包商看来也许只是业主偏向某潜在中标人的条款,或者该指标设定并不能真正评价承包商的能力。这就造成如下问题:以经济因素为重点的招标活动中出现围标、串标、哄抬价格的现象;以技术指标为重点的招标文件中出现高价中标、技术能力过剩的中标人;一些项目中可能存在承包商管理能力差、分包单位不认真施工等问题。因此,探讨业主与承包商对评标指标的认知可以为解决工程项目招投标阶段以及施工阶段的某些问题创造切入点。本研究是以建设工程施工总承包项目综合评估法为研究对象,站在业主和承包商各自的角度对评标体系中各评标指标的重要性进行分析。首先采用样本收集的方法整理评标指标并分析业主角度各指标的重要程度,再通过调查问卷获得承包商角度的认知,利用Spearman相关系数及Wilcoxon符号秩检验的统计方法分析两组数据的相关性和差异性。结果发现,业主与承包商对于评标指标重要程度的认识存在显著差异:企业资质因素是业主比较关注的因素,而承包商却认为它的重要程度很低;双方对经济因素的重要性认识较为一致,但其中重要指标的排序相差很大;承包商认为劳资问题是最重要的指标之一,而业主却认为该指标最不重要等。由此,进一步根据双方认知的差异分析原因,并提出合理建议。本研究的结果,一方面揭示了业主与承包商关于综合评估法评标指标的认知差异,为双方相互了解提供了条件;另一方面,分析了双方认知特点及产生差异的原因,提出合理建议,帮助业主编制更为有效的评标办法,减少招投标和施工过程中出现的问题。
[Abstract]:The construction market of our country belongs to the typical buyer's market, which is characterized by the existence of one buyer and multiple sellers, and the seller can get the subject matter if the seller offers the lowest bid, which results in the fierce competition among contractors in the construction market of our country. In view of the construction general contracting project which is difficult in construction technology, the bidding form of comprehensive evaluation method is used to select the contractor with strong comprehensive strength. How the contractor stands out from the many competitors to obtain the project is the focus of the construction enterprises in the bidding stage. The bid evaluation system of the comprehensive evaluation method is determined by the owner, and the bid evaluation index and its score reflect the importance attached by the owner to the index and the requirements for the contractor. However, the bid evaluation index is entirely drawn up by the owner and does not take into account the degree of recognition of the bid evaluation system by the contractor. The important evaluation index considered by the owner may only be the owner's preference for a potential winning bidder in the contractor's view. Or the setting of the indicator does not really evaluate the contractor's ability. This leads to the following problems: the phenomenon of bid encirclement, bid string and price increase in bidding activities focusing on economic factors, the winning bidder with high price and excess technical capacity in the bidding documents with technical index as the focus, and the winning bidder with high price and excess technical capacity in the bidding documents with emphasis on technical indicators. There may be some problems in some projects, such as poor contractor management ability, subcontractor not serious construction and so on. Therefore, exploring the cognition of the owners and contractors to the bid evaluation index can create a starting point for solving some problems in the bidding stage and the construction stage of the project. In this study, the comprehensive evaluation method of construction general contracting project is taken as the research object, and the importance of each bid evaluation index in the bid evaluation system is analyzed from the point of view of the owner and the contractor. Firstly, the sample collection method is used to sort out the bid evaluation index and analyze the importance of each index from the owner's point of view, and then the cognition of the contractor's angle is obtained through the questionnaire. The correlation and difference between the two groups of data were analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient and Wilcoxon symbolic rank test. The results show that there are significant differences between the owner and the contractor in the understanding of the importance of the bid evaluation index: the enterprise qualification factor is the factor that the owner is more concerned about, but the contractor thinks its importance is very low; The two sides have the same understanding of the importance of economic factors, but the ranking of important indicators is very different. The contractor believes that labor and capital issues are one of the most important indicators, while the owners think that the indicators are the least important, and so on. Therefore, the reasons are further analyzed according to the cognitive differences between the two sides, and reasonable suggestions are put forward. The results of this study, on the one hand, reveal the cognitive difference between the owner and the contractor on the bid evaluation index of the comprehensive evaluation method, which provides the conditions for the mutual understanding between the two sides. On the other hand, this paper analyzes the cognitive characteristics of the two sides and the causes of the differences, and puts forward some reasonable suggestions to help the owners to compile more effective bid evaluation methods and reduce the problems in the process of bidding and construction.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F284

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